本文選題：感恩　切入點：消極互惠　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著積極心理學(xué)興起,感恩越來越受到研究者的關(guān)注。感恩是指個體在他人有意識地給予或試圖給予其有價值的東西時所感受到的一種積極情緒。人際交往中,當(dāng)人們覺察到他人的不友好或是敵意時,會產(chǎn)生“以牙還牙”的交互方式,即發(fā)生消極互惠。相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),積極情緒會降低個體的消極互惠行為,而感恩也可以減少人際間的傷害行為和侵犯行為。然而,以往研究僅是局限于受恩者和施恩者之間的行為互動,少有研究直接探討感恩對消極互惠的影響,也沒有區(qū)分感恩與一般積極情緒對消極互惠影響的差異,更沒有探討受恩者和施恩者之外的人際間的消極互惠。研究依據(jù)感恩的道德情感理論和擴建理論,探討感恩對消極互惠的影響,并將感恩與一般積極情緒進行區(qū)分,考查感恩是否會影響陌生人的消極互惠行為。研究以113名本科生和研究生為被試,采用行為實驗方法,以真人互動為范式誘發(fā)感恩情緒,考查感恩對消極互惠的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)感恩情緒組的消極互惠顯著低于愉悅情緒組和中性情緒組,愉悅情緒組的消極互惠與中性組的消極互惠差異不顯著。(2)感恩陌生人組的消極互惠顯著低于中性情緒組,感恩陌生人組與感恩施恩者組的消極互惠差異不顯著。結(jié)論:感恩可以減少個體對施恩者或者陌生人的消極互惠行為,且感恩對消極互惠的減少不同于一般積極情緒的作用。
[Abstract]:With the rise of positive psychology, gratitude has been paid more and more attention by researchers.Gratitude is a positive emotion that an individual feels when others consciously give or try to give something of value to them.In interpersonal communication, when people are aware of the unfriendliness or hostility of others, there will be a "tit-for-tat" mode of interaction, that is, negative reciprocity.Related studies have found that positive emotions can reduce individuals' negative and reciprocal behaviors, while gratitude can also reduce interpersonal harm and aggression.However, previous studies were limited to the behavioral interaction between the recipient and the benefactor, and few studies directly explored the effects of gratitude on negative reciprocity, and did not distinguish between gratitude and general positive emotions on negative reciprocity.There is also no discussion of negative reciprocity between people other than the benefactor and the benefactor.According to the theory of moral emotion and extension of gratitude, this paper probes into the influence of gratitude on negative reciprocity, differentiates gratitude from general positive emotion, and examines whether gratitude will affect the negative reciprocal behavior of strangers.In this study, 113 undergraduates and postgraduates were chosen as subjects. The behavioral experiment was used to induce gratitude emotion in the paradigm of real person interaction, and the effect of gratitude on negative reciprocity was examined.The results showed that the negative reciprocity in gratitude group was significantly lower than that in pleasure emotion group and neutral emotion group, but there was no significant difference in negative reciprocity between happy emotion group and neutral group. (2) the negative reciprocity of gratitude strangers group was significantly lower than that of neutral emotion group.There was no significant difference in negative reciprocity between the grateful strangers group and the grateful benefactor group.Conclusion: gratitude can reduce the negative reciprocal behavior of individual towards benefactor or stranger, and the effect of gratitude on negative reciprocity is different from that of general positive emotion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1719021