本文選題：思維風(fēng)格　切入點：ERP　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：思維風(fēng)格是一個重要的心理特質(zhì)概念,在解釋、預(yù)測人們的行為時顯示了顯著的增量效度。以往的研究基本上采用自我報告的方式,通過量表對個體的思維風(fēng)格進(jìn)行測量。本研究嘗試從神經(jīng)生理角度來評估思維風(fēng)格,試圖探索思維風(fēng)格內(nèi)部加工機(jī)制的神經(jīng)生理基礎(chǔ)。本研究通過測量兩種典型的思維風(fēng)格(整體型和局部型)的ERP成分,從實驗研究的角度對思維風(fēng)格的量表進(jìn)行效度驗證,為思維風(fēng)格的量表評估提供神經(jīng)生理的證據(jù)支持。研究基于斯滕伯格的心理自我管理理論模型,假設(shè)在信息加工過程中不同思維風(fēng)格的個體采用不同的加工策略:整體型思維風(fēng)格偏愛整體加工的策略,局部型思維風(fēng)格偏愛分析式加工的策略。本研究在圖形和面孔識別兩個層面進(jìn)行實驗研究。本研究提出以下假設(shè)。假設(shè)1:整體型-局部型思維風(fēng)格在字母識別和面孔認(rèn)知過程中對整體和局部刺激的反應(yīng)時和正確率有顯著差異。假設(shè)2:整體型-局部型思維風(fēng)格在字母識別和面孔認(rèn)知過程中的反應(yīng)(ERP成分)存在顯著差異。本研究通過以下兩個實驗檢驗上述假設(shè)。實驗1:不同思維風(fēng)格對大小字母組合識別的ERP研究。以350名上海師范大學(xué)的學(xué)生為被試,運用思維風(fēng)格量表施測,獲得有效問卷數(shù)為332份,從中分別篩選出整體型和局部型思維風(fēng)格得分高(代表性)的兩組被試進(jìn)行ERP實驗研究(整體型高分組和局部型高分組各13名)。通過字母識別過程中的不同任務(wù)要求,對兩種思維風(fēng)格選擇整體或選擇局部任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時和正確率進(jìn)行差異分析;對兩種思維風(fēng)格在實驗過程中的N270(ERP成分)的波幅和峰值進(jìn)行差異分析。實驗2:不同思維風(fēng)格對面孔認(rèn)知的ERP研究。在呈現(xiàn)不同的面孔刺激之后,不同的思維風(fēng)格對選面孔或選特征(眼睛)任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時和正確率進(jìn)行差異分析;對兩種思維風(fēng)格在面孔識別過程中的N170(ERP成分)的波幅、峰值以及平均波幅進(jìn)行差異分析。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在字母識別任務(wù)中,整體型和局部型思維風(fēng)格對選大字母或選小字母任務(wù)要求的正確率有顯著的差異。在選擇大字母的任務(wù)條件下,整體型思維風(fēng)格的正確率顯著地高于局部型;在選擇小字母的任務(wù)條件下,局部型思維風(fēng)格的正確率顯著地高于整體型;但兩者的反應(yīng)時不存在顯著的差異。兩者在字母組合刺激過程中的N270的波幅和潛伏期存在顯著的差異,整體型思維風(fēng)格的N270波峰顯著高于局部型思維風(fēng)格,整體型思維風(fēng)格的N270潛伏期顯著長于局部型思維風(fēng)格。(2)在面孔認(rèn)知的過程中,整體型和局部型思維風(fēng)格選擇面孔或特征(眼睛)的反應(yīng)時存在顯著差異,但正確率不存在顯著的差異。在選面孔的任務(wù)條件下,整體型思維風(fēng)格的反應(yīng)時顯著快于局部型思維風(fēng)格;在選特征的任務(wù)條件下反應(yīng)時顯著慢于局部型思維風(fēng)格。兩者在面孔認(rèn)知過程中的N170波幅不存在顯著的差異,兩者的N170的潛伏存在顯著的差異,整體型思維風(fēng)格在面孔刺激時不同電極點誘發(fā)出的N170潛伏期比局部型思維風(fēng)格更短。本研究通過對不同思維風(fēng)格的ERP研究,從神經(jīng)生理的視角支持了思維風(fēng)格的量表評估結(jié)果,對于深入認(rèn)識思維風(fēng)格的內(nèi)涵及內(nèi)部加工機(jī)制提供了實驗研究證據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Thinking style is an important concept in the interpretation of the psychological characteristics, and predict the behavior of people showed significant incremental validity. Previous studies basically adopt self-report measure, through the scale of thinking style on individual measurements. This study tries to evaluate the neuro physiological angle of thinking style, trying to nerve physiology the basic thinking style to explore the mechanism of internal processing. This research by measuring two kinds of typical thinking style (global and local) of the ERP component, the validity of verification table of thinking style from the perspective of research and thinking style scale assessment to provide neurophysiological evidence. Study of Sternberg's psychological self management theory model based on the assumption in the information processing of different thinking style individuals adopt different processing strategies: the strategy of processing the overall style preference, Bureau Department of thinking style preference analysis processing strategy. This research was studied in two aspects of graphics and face recognition. This study proposes the following hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Global - local thinking style in the letter recognition and face in the cognitive process of the whole and partial response time and correct rate hypothesis have significant differences. 2: Global - local thinking style reaction in the letter recognition and face in the process of cognition (ERP component) are significantly different. This study through the following two experiments to test this hypothesis. The ERP experimental study of 1: different thinking style of letters. In recognition of the size of 350 students from Shanghai Normal University as subjects, using the thinking style questionnaire was used to obtain the number of valid questionnaires, 332 copies were selected from the whole body and local thinking style high score (representative) of the two groups were tested by the experiment of ERP (high overall Packet and local high packet 13). Through the different tasks in the process of letter identification requirements, the two kinds of thinking styles to choose whole or choose local task response time and accuracy of difference analysis; two kinds of thinking styles in the process of N270 (ERP component) and peak amplitude difference analysis Experimental Study on 2: ERP. Different thinking style of facial cognition. After presenting different face stimuli, different thinking styles to choose face or selected features (eyes) task response time and accuracy of difference analysis; the two kinds of thinking style in face recognition in the process of N170 (ERP component) amplitude the peak, and the average amplitude difference analysis. The results show that: (1) in the letter recognition task, global and local thinking style have significant differences on the rate of correct selection of letters or choose small letters. In the selection task The big letter task conditions, the overall rate of correct thinking style is significantly higher than the local type; in the choice of small letter task conditions, the correct rate of local thinking style is significantly higher than the whole; but do not exist significant difference between the two groups of letters in response. With the stimulation process N270 the amplitude and latency differences, the overall style of N270 wave was significantly higher than that of the local style of thinking, holistic thinking style of the N270 latency was significantly longer than the local thinking style. (2) in the process of face recognition, global and local thinking style or face feature selection (eyes) reaction time there significant differences, but the correct rate has no significant difference. In the face of task conditions, the overall style was faster than local thinking style in the feature selection task; reaction conditions When was significantly slower than the local thinking style. The two faces in the cognitive process of the amplitude of N170 does not exist significant differences, both latent N170 there are significant differences, the overall style in the face of different stimulation electrode induced by N170 shorter latency than local thinking style. Through the study on the study of ERP different thinking styles, assessment scale from the perspective of the neural physiological support thinking style, provide experimental evidence for understanding the connotation of thinking style and internal processing mechanism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1678261