本文選題：正強(qiáng)化　切入點(diǎn)：負(fù)強(qiáng)化　出處：《心理科學(xué)》2017年05期

【摘要】：1975年,Michael首次正式提出應(yīng)放棄"正強(qiáng)化"和"負(fù)強(qiáng)化"術(shù)語的使用,引起對"正強(qiáng)化和負(fù)強(qiáng)化是否本質(zhì)上具有區(qū)別"這一問題的關(guān)注和爭議。正負(fù)強(qiáng)化究竟本質(zhì)上是否有區(qū)分、如何區(qū)分、以及區(qū)分它們的意義等問題,得到了眾多行為心理學(xué)家的深入探討。多數(shù)學(xué)者再度闡明正強(qiáng)化和負(fù)強(qiáng)化具有不同的心理機(jī)制,加以區(qū)分具有重要應(yīng)用意義,主張沿用對它們的區(qū)分。最近,對正負(fù)強(qiáng)化神經(jīng)機(jī)制的研究取得突破性進(jìn)展,進(jìn)一步揭示它們具有截然不同的神經(jīng)相關(guān)過程。我們建議,分析強(qiáng)化作用進(jìn)行時,機(jī)體是否在環(huán)境條件作用下已經(jīng)偏離了基礎(chǔ)、正常的心理穩(wěn)態(tài),有助于規(guī)范理解強(qiáng)化物啟動的是正還是負(fù)強(qiáng)化的神經(jīng)過程。
[Abstract]:In 1975, Michael first formally proposed that the use of the terms "positive reinforcement" and "negative reinforcement" should be abandoned, which caused concern and controversy over whether "positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are essentially different". The question of how to distinguish between them and their significance has been deeply discussed by many behavioral psychologists. Most scholars have once again stated that positive and negative reinforcement have different psychological mechanisms, and that distinguishing between positive and negative reinforcement is of great practical significance. Recent breakthroughs have been made in the study of the positive and negative neural reinforcement mechanisms, further revealing that they have distinct neuro-related processes. We suggest that, when the reinforcement is under way, Whether the body has deviated from the basic under the environmental conditions, the normal psychological steady state is helpful to the normative understanding whether the reinforcement initiates the positive or negative enhancement neural process.
【作者單位】： 現(xiàn)代教學(xué)技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室陜西師范大學(xué)教師專業(yè)能力發(fā)展中心;
【基金】：陜西師范大學(xué)研究生培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新基金(2015CXS009) 陜西省重點(diǎn)科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(2014KTC-18)的資助
【分類號】：B84-063

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1 張結(jié)海;;淺談懲罰在兒童教育中的作用[J];父母必讀;1987年01期

2 高霞;;論當(dāng)代貧困大學(xué)生道德意識的正強(qiáng)化[J];吉林省教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(上旬);2012年07期

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