本文選題：擇偶復(fù)制　切入點：性別角色　出處：《華東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：擇偶過程經(jīng)常會受到社會環(huán)境的影響,其中擇偶復(fù)制就是社會環(huán)境影響擇偶過程的一種形式。越來越多的觀察和實驗研究都表明在魚類、鳥類等動物群體中存在著擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象,將人類作為對象的研究中同樣發(fā)生了擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)。擇偶復(fù)制(mate copying),具體是指在擇偶過程中,個體偏好受同性別他人擇偶偏好影響的行為,是一種非獨立的擇偶策略。目前對擇偶復(fù)制的研究大多停留在行為研究層面,且在性別變量上存在爭議。為了更深入的探究擇偶復(fù)制的發(fā)生機制及性別差異原因,本研究主要借助功能性核磁共振技術(shù)來探究擇偶復(fù)制產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)及其性別差異。在本小組先前研究的基礎(chǔ)上,實驗設(shè)置感興趣、不感興趣與未表達意愿三種興趣條件作為被試內(nèi)變量,其中感興趣條件作為擇偶復(fù)制中的積極條件,不感興趣作為消極條件,未表達意愿作為基線水平;選擇男性被試和女性被試作為研究對象,并將性別角色納入現(xiàn)有研究。實驗一目的在于驗證女性擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)及是否受性別角色影響;實驗二借助功能性核磁共振技術(shù)得到不同類型被試(女性被試、男性男性化被試、男性女性化被試)的腦數(shù)據(jù),進一步分析擇偶復(fù)制的神經(jīng)機制,及不同類型被試之間的行為及腦機制差異。最終,綜合兩個實驗的結(jié)果,本研究得出以下結(jié)論:女性存在明顯的擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng),且不受性別角色的影響;男女擇偶復(fù)制行為結(jié)果存在差異。具體表現(xiàn)為,相比于基線水平,女性被試在積極條件和消極條件下都表現(xiàn)出了明顯的擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng),而男性被試只在消極條件下表現(xiàn)出了擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng),而在積極條件下?lián)衽紡?fù)制效應(yīng)并不顯著。不同條件下,存在不同腦區(qū)的激活,被試在積極條件下激活了更多與共情相關(guān)的腦區(qū),而在消極條件下激活了更多與直接觀察學習有關(guān)的腦區(qū);男女被試在擇偶復(fù)制發(fā)生過程中激活的腦區(qū)存在差異,女性被試相比于男性被試激活了更多的共情相關(guān)腦區(qū),而男性被試則激活了更多與直接觀察學習有關(guān)的腦區(qū)�？傮w來說,擇偶復(fù)制作為一種社會學習,其發(fā)生過程主要以鏡像神經(jīng)元系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),包含了共情相關(guān)的腦區(qū)和直接觀察學習的腦區(qū),同時DLPFC的認知執(zhí)行功能也在這種社會學習中起作用。本研究在先前對擇偶復(fù)制研究的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步改進了實驗研究范式,加入基線水平,具體分析積極條件和消極條件下的擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng);同時加入性別角色變量,研究被試本身特質(zhì)對擇偶復(fù)制的影響;本研究借助功能性核磁共振的技術(shù)手段探究擇偶復(fù)制的腦機制,為之后進一步研究擇偶復(fù)制提供了依據(jù)和支持。
[Abstract]:Mate selection process is often affected by social environment, in which mate selection replication is a form of social environment influence mate selection process. More and more observation and experimental studies show that in fish, In birds and other animal groups, the phenomenon of mate selection replication also occurs in the study of human beings. The behavior of individual preference is influenced by the mate preference of other people of the same sex, and it is a non-independent mate selection strategy. At present, most of the studies on mate selection replication remain at the level of behavior research. In order to explore the mechanism of mating replication and the cause of gender difference, In this study, functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI) was used to explore the neural basis of mate selection replication and its gender differences. Three kinds of conditions of interest, no interest and no expression of interest were taken as variables in the subjects, in which the condition of interest was regarded as positive condition in mate selection replication, no interest as negative condition, and no expressed will as baseline level. Male and female subjects were selected as the research subjects, and gender roles were included in the existing research. The purpose of the experiment was to verify the effect of female mate selection replication and whether it was influenced by gender roles; In experiment 2, the brain data of different types of subjects (female, masculine, masculine) were obtained by functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI), and the neural mechanism of mating replication was further analyzed. Finally, synthesizing the results of the two experiments, this study draws the following conclusions: women have a significant effect of mate selection replication, and are not affected by the role of sex; The results of male and female mating replication behavior were different. Compared with baseline level, female subjects showed significant effect of mate selection replication under both positive and negative conditions. However, the male subjects only showed the effect of mate selection replication in the negative condition, but not in the positive condition. Under different conditions, the activation of different brain regions was observed. The subjects activated more empathy-related brain areas under positive conditions and more brain regions related to direct observation learning in negative conditions, and there were differences between male and female subjects in the activation of brain regions during the occurrence of mating replication. Compared with the male subjects, the female subjects activated more empathy related brain areas, while the male subjects activated more brain areas related to direct observation learning. In general, mate selection replication was a social learning. The process is mainly based on the mirror neuron system, which includes the empathy related brain region and the direct observation learning brain area. At the same time, the cognitive executive function of DLPFC also plays a role in this kind of social learning. Specific analysis of the positive and negative conditions of mate selection replication effect, while adding gender role variables to study the impact of the participants' own characteristics on mate selection replication; In this study, the functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI) technique was used to explore the brain mechanism of mate selection replication, which provided the basis and support for further study of mate selection replication.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B845

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本文編號：1662967