本文選題：自我肯定　切入點：幸災樂禍　出處：《湖南師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：幸災樂禍,即因他人的不幸而高興,是一種極其陰暗的情緒。無論對于個體或是群體而言都是一種不利于人際(群際)交往的情緒。通過一定的手段減少幸災樂禍是非常有意義的。Frijda的“情緒定律”認為他人的不幸之所以能引起幸災樂禍,因為它能滿足幸災樂禍者的某種需要,當下主流的觀點是該需要即自我提升的需要,因為他人身上的不幸事件為我們提供了一次保護和增強自我視野(self-view)的機會,也就具備了幸災樂禍的潛在動機。而自我肯定理論認為自我肯定的策略能給予個體額外自我提升的機會,從而減少個體幸災樂禍的需要。本研究旨在從群際角度考察了自我肯定對幸災樂禍的影響,并根據(jù)中國的文化背景,探討了相依我肯定及獨立我肯定對不同構念傾向個體的不同作用。 實驗一以日本有關新聞事件作為實驗材料,考察不同肯定類型對外群體幸災樂禍的影響。145名被試(女98人)被隨機分配至自我肯定、群體肯定及控制組,要求自我肯定組被試在11項價值中選取對自己最重要的一項進行詳盡描述并舉例；群體肯定組的被試則在11項價值選取對中國最為重要的一項進行詳盡描述并舉例；控制組則讓被試描述大學生活的平常一天。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),自我肯定組的被試幸災樂禍水平顯著低于群體肯定和控制組,然而自我肯定并未影響被試對日本的消極情緒,支持了自我肯定對幸災樂禍的影響并非消極情緒中介作用的觀點。 實驗二以美國有關新聞事件作為實驗材料,旨在考察實驗一結(jié)論的穩(wěn)定性,168名被試(女112人)參與實驗,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)自我肯定條件下的被試幸災樂禍水平顯著低于群體肯定和控制條件。再次驗證了實驗一的研究結(jié)論。 實驗三進一步對自我肯定的內(nèi)容進行了細分,采用了2(自我構念：獨立我傾向vs.相依我傾向)×3(自我肯定類型：相依我肯定Vs.獨立我肯定vs.控制條件)被試間實驗設計,考察了肯定自我的不同層面對不同自我構念傾向人群的作用,317名被試(女198人)參與實驗,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)獨立我肯定可以更有效減少獨立我傾向個體的幸災樂禍水平,相依我肯定能更有效減少相依我傾向個體的幸災樂禍水平。 綜上所述,自我肯定通過給予個體額外“正能量”,減少個體幸災樂禍的需要,是一種有效降低幸災樂禍水平的手段,肯定自我的不同層面對幸災樂禍有不同程度的影響,當自我肯定的內(nèi)容與個體本身構念傾向一致時,能更大程度的達到自我提升的額外補償作用,從而減少幸災樂禍。
[Abstract]:Schadenfreude, that is, to rejoice at the misfortune of others, It's an extremely dark emotion. It's a bad feeling for both individuals and groups. Reducing gloating by some means is a very meaningful. Frijda's emotional law. That the misfortune of others can cause gloating, Because it meets some of the needs of the gloating, the prevailing view is that the need is the need for self-improvement, because the unfortunate events of others provide us with an opportunity to protect and enhance our self-view. There is a latent incentive to gloat, and the theory of self-affirmation suggests that self-affirmation strategies can give individuals an additional opportunity to improve themselves. So as to reduce the need for individual gloating. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-affirmation on gloating from an inter-group perspective, and according to the cultural background of China, In this paper, we discuss the different roles of dependent and independent I on individuals with different structuring tendencies. Experiment one: using Japanese news events as experimental materials, the effects of gloating on different types of foreign groups. 145 subjects (98 women) were randomly assigned to the self-affirmation, group affirmation and control groups. The subjects of the self-positive group were asked to describe and give examples of the most important one of the 11 values, while the subjects of the group positive group described and exemplified the most important item in the 11 values of the group. The control group asked the subjects to describe the normal day of college life. The results showed that the gloating level in the self-affirmation group was significantly lower than that in the group of group affirmation and control, but self-affirmation did not affect the subjects' negative feelings towards Japan. Supports the view that self-affirmation's influence on Schadenfreude is not a negative emotional intermediary. In the second experiment, 168 subjects (112 women) participated in the experiment, using the relevant news events in the United States as the experimental material, in order to investigate the stability of the conclusion of the experiment. The results showed that the Schadenfreude level of the subjects under self-affirmation was significantly lower than that of group affirmation and control. Experiment 3 further subdivided the content of self-affirmation, using 2 (self-construction: independent I tend to vs.dependent I tend) 脳 3 (self-affirmation type: dependent I'm sure Vs.independent I'm certain vs.control condition). The effects of different levels of positive self on people with different self-construal tendencies were investigated. 317 subjects (198 women) participated in the experiment. The results showed that I was sure to be more effective in reducing the gloating level of individuals with independent propensity. I am sure to be more effective in reducing the level of gloating I tend to have. To sum up, self-affirmation reduces the need for individual gloating by giving individuals extra "positive energy", is an effective means to reduce the level of gloating, and affirms that different levels of self have varying degrees of influence on gloating. When the content of self-affirmation is consistent with the structural tendency of the individual itself, it can achieve the extra compensatory effect of self-improvement to a greater extent, thus reducing the gloating.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B848

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本文編號：1652781