本文選題：低社會經(jīng)濟地位　切入點：數(shù)學認知　出處：《寧夏大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：個體在童年,尤其是童年早期時的心理發(fā)展(主要包括認知、情緒與人格發(fā)展)受制于環(huán)境的影響更大,家庭環(huán)境作為兒童最早接觸的“社會”對兒童的發(fā)展起著至關重要的作用。一系列有關兒童數(shù)感發(fā)展的行為學研究表明,低社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童的數(shù)感發(fā)展明顯落后,他們在數(shù)數(shù)、數(shù)字關系和數(shù)字操作能力上的發(fā)展均出現(xiàn)延遲(Jordan, Kaplan, Ramineni,Locuniak,2008)。有關兒童一般認知功能的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),低家庭社會經(jīng)濟地位的兒童在認知加工早期階段的注意功能存在異常,并且這些兒童在左外側(cè)裂周區(qū)/語言系統(tǒng)、前額/執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)以及顳中區(qū)/記憶系統(tǒng)等諸多神經(jīng)認知系統(tǒng)方面存在功能性損害(Noble et al.,2005; Noble et al.,2007; Faraha et al.,2006)。但以往研究還沒有直接探查家庭社會經(jīng)濟地位對兒童數(shù)學認知神經(jīng)機制的影響。為此,本研究采用事件相關電位技術,比較不同家庭社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童在執(zhí)行符號數(shù)量比較任務以及簡單加法心算任務時表現(xiàn)在腦電活動上的差異,從神經(jīng)機制的角度,就家庭社會經(jīng)濟地位對兒童數(shù)學認知的影響進行深入探究。 本研究包括兩個實驗：實驗一以32名中-高和低家庭社會經(jīng)濟地位的小學2年級兒童(每組各16人)為被試,采用以阿拉伯數(shù)字為刺激內(nèi)容的符號數(shù)量比較任務,考查兩類兒童在進行符號數(shù)量表征時大腦電位活動的差異；實驗二另選2組不同家庭社會經(jīng)濟地位的2年級兒童(每組各14人),采用需要對答案進行正誤判斷的簡單加法心算任務,考查兩類兒童在簡單加法心算過程中(數(shù)量轉(zhuǎn)換與操作)以及在答案判斷過程(算術事實檢索)中腦電活動的差異。通過對研究結(jié)果的分析與討論,本研究得出以下結(jié)論： (1)數(shù)量比較過程中,在反映對刺激信息進行有意注意的認知加工早期階段(100-140ms),相比中-高社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童,低社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童額區(qū)與中央?yún)^(qū)的ERPs負波波幅更大,表明其前額皮質(zhì)對呈現(xiàn)的數(shù)字刺激的自上而下的控制調(diào)節(jié)能力可能不足,抑制無關刺激干擾的能力較弱； (2)數(shù)量比較過程中,從刺激呈現(xiàn)后的200ms開始(200-250ms,250-300ms),相比中-高社會經(jīng)濟地位的同齡兒童,低社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童前部和后部腦區(qū)的ERPs正波波幅更小,反映出這些兒童在對抽象的阿拉伯數(shù)字的早期語義加工上可能存在不足； (3)加法心算過程中,低社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童在問題呈現(xiàn)后的550-650ms出現(xiàn)反轉(zhuǎn)的問題大小效應,而在720-820ms存在問題大小效應的缺失；僅在晚期正慢電位的最晚時窗(820～1000ms)他們才表現(xiàn)出了與中-高社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童相同的問題大小效應,這些結(jié)果說明低社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童在工作記憶中對不同難度的數(shù)量進行轉(zhuǎn)換與操作時,心理資源的分配能力以及對資源的協(xié)調(diào)加工能力存在不足； (4)答案判斷過程中,與中.高社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童一樣,低社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童在答案呈現(xiàn)后280～420ms和500～700ms表現(xiàn)出算術不一致效應,說明低社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童在算術事實檢索過程中的激活擴散以及晚期對算術答案輸出時的控制加工能力與中-高社會經(jīng)濟地位兒童相當。
[Abstract]:The individual in childhood, especially early childhood psychological development (including cognition, emotion and personality development) affected by environment more, family environment as a child's first contact with the "social" plays an important role in the development of children. The results show that the development of a sense of a series of children's number behavior low socioeconomic status, children's number sense development lagged behind, they are counting, development of digital and digital operation ability were delayed (Jordan, Kaplan, Ramineni, Locuniak, 2008). The general research on children's cognitive function also found abnormal function of attention in the early stage of cognitive processing of low family society the economic status of children, and these children split the language system / week in the left lateral, forehead and temporal / central executive system / memory system and many other aspects of functional damage neurocognitive system (Noble et al. Noble et, 2005; al., 2007; Faraha et al., 2006). But previous studies have not affected the socio-economic status of the family directly detecting the neural mechanism of mathematics cognition in children. Therefore, this study used event-related potential technology, comparison of different family social economic status differences in children's brain electrical activity on the implementation of the number of symbol comparison tasks and simple addition calculation task, from the perspective of neural mechanisms, effects of socioeconomic status on children's mathematical cognitive exploration.
This study includes two experiments: 32 middle - high and low family socioeconomic status of the primary school grade 2 children (n = 16) were tested by the number in Arabia to stimulate the content of digital symbol comparison task, to examine the differences in the two kinds of children brain electrical activity when the number of symbol representation experiment two; another 2 groups of different social economic status of the family of 2 grade children (n = 14), the need for the simple addition of the true or false mental arithmetic task of the answers, to examine the two types of children in simple addition in the process of calculation (the number of conversion and operation) and judgment in the answer (arithmetic fact retrieval) differences in EEG activities. Through the analysis and discussion of the research results and conclusions of this study are as follows:
(1) the number of the comparison process, to reflect the intention to pay attention to the early stage of cognitive processing of stimulus information (100-140ms), higher socioeconomic status than children - children of low socioeconomic status and the central area of the frontal region of negative ERPs wave amplitude is bigger, indicating a possible lack of ability to regulate and control of the digital stimulus from top to bottom the prefrontal cortex, inhibition of irrelevant stimulus interference ability is weak;
(2) the number of the comparison process, from the beginning of stimulus presentation after 200ms (200-250ms, 250-300ms), high socioeconomic status compared to - age children, children of lower social and economic status of anterior and posterior brain regions ERPs positive wave amplitude was smaller, reflect these deficiencies in children of Arabia digital early abstract semantics the processing may be;
(3)鍔犳硶蹇冪畻榪囩▼涓，

本文編號：1641965