本文選題：情緒感染　切入點(diǎn)：憤怒　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：情緒感染是指在人際交互的過程中,一方的情緒狀態(tài)被另一方接收并產(chǎn)生相似情緒體驗(yàn)的現(xiàn)象。雖然在古希臘希波克拉底時(shí)期就有了關(guān)于情緒感染的相關(guān)記載,但是直到20世紀(jì)90年代心理學(xué)家們才開始對(duì)它進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究。情緒感染與共情、情緒啟動(dòng)等概念有著密切的聯(lián)系,但是也存在著一定的區(qū)別。在情緒感染的性別差異方面,不同的研究者得出了不同的結(jié)果,而且目前的研究大多針對(duì)閾上刺激引發(fā)的情緒感染,對(duì)于閾下刺激引發(fā)的情緒感染現(xiàn)象研究較少。根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn),目前存在兩種假說對(duì)情緒感染的作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行闡釋——模仿-反饋假說和社會(huì)比較假說。模仿-反饋假說認(rèn)為：在與他人接觸的過程中,個(gè)體傾向于自動(dòng)的和持續(xù)的模仿、同步自己與他人的動(dòng)作,通過這些同步的模仿和反饋,個(gè)體的主觀情緒體驗(yàn)受到影響,由此,個(gè)體傾向于隨時(shí)“捕捉”他人的情緒,從而發(fā)生情緒感染。社會(huì)比較假說則認(rèn)為：在與他人接觸的過程中,個(gè)體首先會(huì)對(duì)他人進(jìn)行一個(gè)整體的判斷,如果個(gè)體感知到與他人的相似性,則進(jìn)行相似性檢驗(yàn),從而使自身的情緒趨同于他人,產(chǎn)生情緒感染；如果個(gè)體感知到與他人的相異性,則進(jìn)行相異性檢驗(yàn),從而產(chǎn)生異化效應(yīng),使自己的情緒背離他人。憤怒是人的四種基本情緒之一,研究顯示憤怒與個(gè)體的抑郁、焦慮之間有著密切的關(guān)系,而且憤怒情緒感染在群體性事件中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,但是針對(duì)憤怒情緒感染的研究卻相對(duì)較少,因此,有必要對(duì)憤怒情緒感染進(jìn)行深入的研究。 為了更好的檢驗(yàn)閾上、閡下刺激條件下,憤怒情緒感染性別差異的具體表現(xiàn),并試圖整合情緒感染的兩種假說,本研究在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,隨機(jī)選取145名大學(xué)生為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),使用量表評(píng)定法對(duì)憤怒情緒感染進(jìn)行了研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用2(性別：男、女)×2(呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間：閾上呈現(xiàn)、閾下呈現(xiàn))兩因素混合設(shè)計(jì)考察了不同呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間條件下,憤怒情緒感染性別差異的表現(xiàn)；實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用2(被試與憤怒表達(dá)主體性別一致性：一致、不一致)×2(是否誘發(fā)相似性比較：誘發(fā)、不誘發(fā))兩因素混合設(shè)計(jì)考察了性別一致性與相似性比較對(duì)憤怒情緒感染的交互影響。研究得出的主要結(jié)論如下： (1)無論是憤怒情緒面孔還是憤怒情緒表達(dá)視頻,都能夠使被試產(chǎn)生顯著的憤怒情緒感染效應(yīng)。 (2)閾上呈現(xiàn)憤怒情緒面孔所引起的憤怒情緒感染效應(yīng)顯著高于閾下呈現(xiàn)憤怒情緒面孔所引起的憤怒情緒感染效應(yīng)。 (3)不同刺激呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間條件下,憤怒情緒感染的性別差異有不同的表現(xiàn)：閾上呈現(xiàn)憤怒情緒面孔條件下,男性的憤怒情緒感染程度要顯著高于女性；閾下呈現(xiàn)憤怒情緒面孔條件下,男女的憤怒情緒感染程度沒有顯著差異。 (4)被試與憤怒表達(dá)主體性別一致條件下所產(chǎn)生的憤怒情緒感染程度要顯著高于不一致條件；是否誘發(fā)被試的相似性比較對(duì)憤怒情緒感染的影響差異不顯著。 (5)誘發(fā)相似性比較條件下,性別一致組所產(chǎn)生的憤怒情緒感染效應(yīng)要顯著高于性別不一致組所產(chǎn)生的憤怒情緒感染效應(yīng)。不誘發(fā)相似性比較條件下,兩者差異不顯著,但是依然存在憤怒情緒感染現(xiàn)象。性別一致條件下,誘發(fā)相似性比較組所產(chǎn)生的情緒感染程度要顯著高于不誘發(fā)相似性比較組；性別不一致條件下,誘發(fā)相似性比較組所產(chǎn)生的情緒感染程度要顯著低于不誘發(fā)相似性比較組。 (6)情緒感染是模仿-反饋假說和社會(huì)比較假說共同作用的結(jié)果：模仿-反饋假說是情緒感染的基礎(chǔ),社會(huì)比較假說中的同化效應(yīng)和異化效應(yīng)對(duì)情緒感染的程度起著放大或縮小的影響。
[Abstract]:The mood is in the process of interpersonal interaction, an emotional state by the other party to receive and produce the phenomenon of similar emotional experience. Although in ancient Greece Hippocrates period had the relevant records on the mood, but until 1990s, psychologists began to make systematic research on it. Their emotions and empathy. Priming concepts are closely linked, but there are also some differences. Gender differences in emotional contagion, different researchers have obtained different results, but most of the current study aimed at suprathreshold stimulation emotions caused by infection, infection for subthreshold stimulation caused by emotional phenomena according to the existing research. In the literature, there are two kinds of hypothesis on the mechanism of emotional infection of interpretation - imitation - feedback hypothesis and social comparison hypothesis. Imitation - feedback hypothesis that In the process of contact with others, individuals tend to automatically and continuously synchronize themselves with others to imitate, action, through the synchronous imitation and feedback, experience the individual's subjective emotional impact, therefore, individuals tend to always capture the emotions of others, resulting in emotional infection. Social comparison hypothesis think: in the process of contact with others, the individual will first be an overall judgment on others, if the individual perceived similarity with others, then the similarity test, so that their own emotional convergence to others, emotional infection; if individuals perceive and differences of others, are different test, resulting in alienation effect, so that their emotions from others. Anger is one of the four basic human emotions, anger and depression of the individual, has a close relationship between anxiety, and Anger infection plays an important role in group incidents, but there is relatively little research on anger infection. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on anger infection.
In order to test the threshold better, the subthreshold stimulus conditions, the specific performance of anger infection of gender differences, the two hypotheses and try to integrate emotions, this study on the basis of previous studies, randomly selected 145 college students as the research object, designed two experiments, using the questionnaire of anger the infection was studied. Experiment is a 2 (male, female) * 2 (presentation time: supraliminal presentation, subliminal) two factor mixed design was investigated under the condition of present time, anger contagion of sex differences in performance; experiment with 2 subjects (two subjects with gender consistency: the expression of anger, inconsistent) * 2 (whether by similarity comparison: induced, not induced) two factor mixed design examines gender consistency and similarity comparison of interaction of anger infection. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) both anger and anger expression video can make the subjects have a significant effect of anger and emotion.
(2) the effect of anger emotional infection caused by an angry face on the threshold of anger was significantly higher than the anger emotional effect caused by the subliminal anger face.
(3) different stimulus presentation time conditions have different gender differences in anger infection: anger faces presented supraliminal conditions, male anger infection was significantly higher than female; subliminal anger face conditions, there is no significant difference between male and female anger infection.
(4) the degree of anger generated by subjects who are consistent with anger expression is significantly higher than that of inconsistent conditions. Whether there is a significant difference in the influence of similarity between subjects on the infection of anger is not significant.
(5) induced by the similarity conditions, anger contagion effect is significantly higher than that of gender inconsistent the anger contagion effect of gender group generated. By comparing similarity of conditions, the difference is not significant, but there is still anger infection phenomenon. The condition of the same gender, induce similar comparison of the group generated by the emotional infection degree was significantly higher than that by similarity comparison group; gender inconsistent conditions, induced by similarity comparison group generated by the emotional infection degree was significantly lower than that by similarity comparison group.
(6) emotional infection is the result of the interaction between imitation feedback hypothesis and social comparison hypothesis: imitation feedback hypothesis is the basis of emotional infection, and the assimilation effect and alienation effect of social comparison hypothesis influence the degree of emotional infection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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