本文選題：反芻　切入點：情緒敏感性　出處：《華中師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在人際交往中,情緒扮演著非常重要的作用,一個人行為的產(chǎn)生往往與其情感狀態(tài)緊密相聯(lián),而對情感狀態(tài)的知覺又會對社會交往產(chǎn)生影響。情緒識別主要依靠的是面部表情,面部表情作為識別情感狀態(tài)的有效線索,準確的識別面部表情并對面部表情做出準確的回應(yīng)是建立有效人際關(guān)系的一個重要方面。對他人面部表情的準確識別及準確回應(yīng)能力的缺失會導(dǎo)致人際交往中誤解的產(chǎn)生,從而使人際交往關(guān)系緊張。 本研究中情緒知覺敏感性是指個體在人際交往的過程中對他人情緒信息的察覺性,其中認知為主體,情緒為客體。已有研究表明抑郁程度高的個體對面部表情的判斷有消極的偏向,而且在識別面部表情的情緒狀態(tài)時不夠準確。另外,抑郁程度高的個體在情緒表達時也更緩慢或更無效。 心理學上的反芻是從生物學中引進來的,采用的是動物學中反芻現(xiàn)象的引申義。Nolen-Hoeksema最早對反芻進行了研究,其研究領(lǐng)域主要集中在反芻與抑郁的關(guān)系研究上。把反芻思維視為一種反應(yīng)風格,用反芻反應(yīng)來描述,認為反芻反應(yīng)是一種消極的思維方式。Nolen-Hoeksema將反芻思維定義為個體無意識地持續(xù)關(guān)注自己的行為與思想,對當時的負性情緒狀態(tài)及產(chǎn)生情緒狀態(tài)可能的原因、可能帶來的后果以及對事件中的細節(jié)進行持續(xù)而重復(fù)的思索,而不是積極地解決問題�，F(xiàn)在普遍認為反芻既與積極情緒有關(guān)又與消極情緒有關(guān),即反芻存在適應(yīng)性反芻和非適應(yīng)性反芻。然而現(xiàn)在研究最多的仍然是反芻的非適應(yīng)性,大量的研究已經(jīng)證明反芻會加重或維持抑郁的發(fā)作。 本研究將抑郁作為控制變量,采用信號檢測論測得高興和悲傷表情的情緒知覺敏感性,試圖探討反芻是否會對情緒敏感性產(chǎn)生影響。實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)被試可以區(qū)分出真假高興和悲傷表情。(2)反芻得分越高,被試對情緒的知覺敏感性越低。(3)被試對高興情緒的知覺敏感性高于對悲傷情緒的知覺敏感性。(4)反芻的得分高低對高興情緒的知覺敏感性有顯著影響,反芻得分越高,被試對高興情緒的知覺敏感性越低；然而反芻的得分高低對悲傷情緒的知覺敏感性沒有顯著影響。(5)女性被試和男性被試的反芻得分沒有顯著差異。(6)男性被試和女性被試對情緒的知覺敏感性沒有差異。
[Abstract]:In interpersonal communication, emotion plays a very important role. The emergence of a person's behavior is often closely related to his emotional state, and the perception of the emotional state will have an impact on social interaction. Emotion recognition mainly depends on facial expressions. Facial expressions serve as an effective clue to the recognition of emotional states, Accurate recognition of facial expressions and accurate responses to facial expressions is an important aspect of building effective interpersonal relationships. The lack of accurate recognition of facial expressions and the ability to respond accurately can lead to misunderstandings in interpersonal communication. Thus makes the interpersonal relations tense. In this study, the sensitivity of emotion perception refers to the perception of the emotional information of others in the process of interpersonal communication, in which cognition is the main body. Emotion is the object. Studies have shown that individuals with high levels of depression have a negative bias in judging facial expressions and are not accurate in identifying the emotional state of facial expressions. Individuals with high levels of depression also expressed their emotions more slowly or less effectively. The psychological ruminant was introduced from biology, using the meaning of ruminant phenomenon in zoology. Nolen-Hoeksema first studied ruminant. The research field mainly focuses on the relationship between ruminant and depression. The ruminant thinking is regarded as a kind of reaction style, which is described by ruminant reaction. It is considered that ruminant reaction is a negative mode of thinking. Nolen-Hoeksema defines ruminant thinking as unconsciously paying constant attention to one's own behavior and thoughts, and the possible causes of negative emotional state and emotional state at that time. The possible consequences and constant and repetitive reflection on the details of the incident, rather than actively solving the problem... it is now widely accepted that ruminating is related to both positive and negative emotions, That is, there are adaptive ruminant and non-adaptive ruminant. However, the most research is still ruminant inadaptability, a large number of studies have proved that ruminant exacerbates or maintains depression. In this study, depression was used as a control variable, and the sensitivity of emotion perception of happy and sad expressions was measured by signal detection theory. Trying to find out whether ruminant has an effect on emotional sensitivity. The results showed that the subjects could distinguish between true and false happy and sad expressions.) the higher the ruminant score, the higher the ruminant score. The lower the perceptual sensitivity of subjects to emotion, the lower the perceptual sensitivity of happy emotion is higher than that of sad emotion. 4) the score of ruminant has a significant influence on the sensitivity of happy emotion, and the higher the ruminant score is, the higher the ruminant score is. The lower the perceptual sensitivity of the subjects to happy emotion; However, the ruminant score had no significant effect on the sensitivity of sadness. 5) there was no significant difference between female and male subjects in ruminating scores. 6) there was no significant difference between male and female subjects in emotional sensitivity.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.6

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