本文選題：性別　切入點：性別角色　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人類為能在快速變化的環(huán)境中得以生存,必須具備迅速感知新異刺激的能力,這是生物體最重要的本能之一。由于新異刺激具有與環(huán)境背景偏離,突然發(fā)生不可預(yù)期,且發(fā)生概率低等特征,使得大腦對新異性事件有著認(rèn)知加工偏向。人類的情緒感受性存在顯著的個體間差異,雖然已有研究表明女性相比男性對新異刺激具有更高的情緒易感性,這可以確保她們在危險環(huán)境中能夠快速而有效的做出反應(yīng),有著至關(guān)重要的生存意義。但是生理性別不同于性別角色,人類的發(fā)展過程有著社會文化的顯著影響,社會環(huán)境因素對塑造及強化學(xué)習(xí)者的性別角色有重要作用,因此在考察生理性別對新異刺激的易感性時不能夠忽略性別角色在其中的作用。不過目前尚無研究直接探索新異刺激和性別角色以及生理性別三者間的關(guān)系,以及它們是如何相互影響。所以有必要采用新異性刺激范式來考察新異性加工過程的性別角色效應(yīng),及其與生理性別的關(guān)系。 實驗一采用劉電芝編制的《大學(xué)生性別角色量表》(CSRI-50)為測量工具,探討當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的性別角色分布狀況,共發(fā)放437份問卷。統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示,性別角色類型比例由高到低依次為雙性化、單性化、未分化。而且男性男性化比例高于女性男性化的比例,而女性女性化比例遠(yuǎn)高于男性女性化的比例,證明傳統(tǒng)的性別角色觀念依然在大學(xué)生的性別角色認(rèn)識中起著關(guān)鍵作用。此外,雙性化在樣本中所占比例最高,雙性化人格特質(zhì)因其兼具男女兩性人格的優(yōu)點和長處,所以也進一步表明大學(xué)生的性別角色在不斷發(fā)展優(yōu)化。但是最差的未分化在總樣本中所占的較大比例應(yīng)該值得予以注意與警惕。 實驗二,與實驗一一樣通過劉電芝編制的《大學(xué)生性別角色量表》(CSRI-50)篩選出64名在校大學(xué)生作為有償被試,其中女性的男性化女性化被試各16名,男性的男性化女性化被試也是各16名。采用oddball范式,實驗要求被試盡快的對目標(biāo)刺激按鍵反應(yīng),而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激以及新異刺激不需反應(yīng),三類刺激隨機呈現(xiàn)。采用重復(fù)測量方差分析方法,被試內(nèi)因素為刺激類型(2水平：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激,新異刺激)及電極點(15個電極點)；被試間因素為生理性別(女性,男性)與性別角色(女性化,男性化)。實驗圖片皆是來自中國情緒圖片系統(tǒng)庫(CAPS)的無情緒中性圖片,同時采用高時間分辨率的ERP技術(shù)來對視覺新異刺激加工的性別角色效應(yīng)進行探索。行為數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果顯示,性別角色中女性化被試對目標(biāo)刺激的反應(yīng)時均顯著長于男性化,男性男性化比男性女性化反應(yīng)時要短,而且女性男性化對目標(biāo)刺激的反應(yīng)時顯著長于男性男性化。ERP數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果顯示,在額葉區(qū)和中央?yún)^(qū)位置存在顯著的N1波,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)電極點*刺激類型*生理性別顯著的交互作用,以及生理性別和性別角色顯著的交互作用。對P2波的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)女性相比于男性誘發(fā)更偏正的波形,表明女性比男性會分配更多的注意資源來對偏差刺激進行加工。而且電極點*刺激類型*性別角色交互作用顯著,男性化比女性化被試有著更大的新異-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差異波,此外生理性別和性別角色的交互作用顯著。對P3波分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在頂葉區(qū)域存在顯著的電極點*刺激類型*性別角色的交互作用,男性化被試在這個階段表現(xiàn)出比女性化更大的正波,且生理性別和性別角色的交互作用也同樣顯著。 總的來說,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同性別角色對新異性事件的認(rèn)知加工方式有所不同,男性化相比于女性化對新異性刺激具有更高的易感性,表現(xiàn)為其會分配更多的注意和認(rèn)知資源對新異性刺激進行加工。此外,在N1波、P2波、P3波均檢測到顯著的生理性別和性別角色的交互作用,意味著生理性別和性別角色共同影響著個體對非情緒新異刺激的易感性,這些均符合實驗預(yù)期。所以,以后考察新異性認(rèn)知加工時需要考慮個體間差異的影響,不同性別角色對新異刺激有不一樣的情緒感受性和易感性。
[Abstract]:Human can survive in the rapidly changing environment, must have the ability to quickly perceive the novelty, which is one of the most important biological instinct. The novel stimulus has deviated from the environmental background, the sudden unexpected, and the occurrence characteristics of low probability, the brain has a cognitive processing bias for specific events. There are new significant differences between individual emotions of human beings, although studies have shown that women than men with higher susceptibility to emotion to novel stimuli, which can ensure that they can quickly and effectively respond in dangerous environment, has a vital meaning of survival. But sex is different from gender roles, have a significant impact the social culture of human development, gender roles, social environmental factors on shaping and strengthening the learner has an important role in the study of new sex so Different susceptibility when the stimulus can not ignore the gender roles in the role. But there is no direct research to explore the relationship between the novel stimulus and gender roles and sex between the three, and how they affect each other. So it is necessary to use a new paradigm to test specific sex role effects observe the new specific processing process, and the relationship between and sex.
The Liu Dianzhi compiled "sex role inventory" (CSRI-50) as a measurement tool to investigate the distribution of gender roles of contemporary college students, a total of 437 questionnaires. The statistical results showed that the proportion of sex role types from high to low is androgynous, unisexual, undifferentiated and male proportion. The proportion of male is higher than female, female female is much higher than the proportion of male female ratio, proof of concept of traditional gender roles are still in college students' sex role knowledge plays a key role. In addition, androgyny has the highest proportion in the sample, androgyny because both male and female personality and advantages so the strengths, further show that college students' sex role in the development of optimization. But the worst undifferentiated larger proportion in the total sample should be worthy of attention and vigilance.
Experiment two and experiment, one by students Liu Dianzhi < sex role scale > (CSRI-50) and selected 64 college students as paid subjects, including male of female female participants each 16, male female male subjects was 16. Using the oddball paradigm, experiment participants were asked to target stimulus responses as soon as possible, while the standard stimulus and without extraneous stimulus response, three types of stimuli were presented. By using the method of variance of repeated measurement, within subjects factors for stimulus type (2 levels: standard stimulus, novel stimuli) and electrode (15 electrode) between subjects; the factors for sex (female and male) and gender (feminine, masculine). The pictures are from the Chinese emotional picture system library (CAPS) ruthless mood neutral pictures, ERP technology with high time resolution to stimulate the visual novel and To explore the effect of gender roles. Behavioral data showed that female gender roles in the subject on the target stimuli were significantly longer than that of male, male, male and female ratio of the reaction should be short, and women of target stimuli were significantly longer than male male.ERP data showed that in the frontal and central areas where there is a significant N1 wave, and found the interaction point * * electrode stimulation type sex significantly, and sex and sex role significant interactions. The analysis of P2 wave found women compared to men by the partial positive waveform shows that women will allocate more attentional resources to the processing of the deviant stimuli than men. But the electric pole * * stimulus type sex role significant interaction, masculine than female subjects with different standards - the greater the difference wave, in addition The interaction of sex and sex role is significant. The P3 wave analysis found in the interaction between the electrode point * significantly stimulate the sex role types * parietal areas, male subjects showed greater than female positive wave at this stage, and the interaction of sex and gender roles is also significant.
In general, the study found that different gender roles of specific events of cognitive processing of different men compared to women with higher susceptibility to new specific stimuli, as it will allocate more attention and cognitive resources for new specific stimulus. In addition, the N1 wave, P2 wave, P3 waves were detected significant interaction between sex and gender roles, means that sex and gender roles affect individual susceptibility to non emotional novel stimuli, which were consistent with the experimental expectations. So, after investigating new specific cognitive processing needs to be considered when the individual differences, different gender roles are not the same as emotional sensitivity and susceptibility to novel stimuli.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1592005