本文選題：創(chuàng)造性　切入點(diǎn)：聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：頓悟作為創(chuàng)造性思維的重要組成要素,對(duì)它進(jìn)行研究不僅可以“促進(jìn)人們對(duì)創(chuàng)造性思維的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)”,而且還可以“澄清目前創(chuàng)造性思維理論中的許多含糊不清的基本問(wèn)題”。以往研究主要借助各類(lèi)不同任務(wù)系統(tǒng)探討了頓悟的心理過(guò)程,尤其是思維定勢(shì)和新穎聯(lián)系形成的心理與腦機(jī)制。然而,各類(lèi)認(rèn)知任務(wù)往往具有明顯的領(lǐng)域特異性,使得基于不同任務(wù)所探討的頓悟的心理和腦機(jī)制頗有差異。研究基于系統(tǒng)梳理和分析,充分結(jié)合任務(wù)和心理過(guò)程的特征,主張開(kāi)展頓悟分類(lèi)研究,且研究主要就聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟的心理和腦機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探討。研究通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)系列的認(rèn)知行為實(shí)驗(yàn)和認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)探討聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟背后的心理與腦機(jī)制。研究基于Mednick(1962)的聯(lián)結(jié)理論編制了中文遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想詞匯材料庫(kù),認(rèn)知行為實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,中文遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想詞匯材料庫(kù)具有較好的信度,且通過(guò)包括創(chuàng)造性人格傾向測(cè)驗(yàn)和經(jīng)典頓悟問(wèn)題解決任務(wù)在內(nèi)的各項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造性或頓悟等任務(wù)評(píng)估效標(biāo)效度,顯示該任務(wù)能較好表征頓悟過(guò)程,適合開(kāi)展后續(xù)的聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟的心理和腦機(jī)制。第一人稱(chēng)情緒自我報(bào)告和迫選實(shí)驗(yàn)以及第三人稱(chēng)維度分析的系列行為研究顯示,中文遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想言語(yǔ)問(wèn)題可聚類(lèi)為有頓悟問(wèn)題和無(wú)頓悟問(wèn)題,被試解決中文遠(yuǎn)距離問(wèn)題過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生了動(dòng)態(tài)變化的情緒效應(yīng)。不同階段產(chǎn)生了不同的情緒效應(yīng)。被試遭遇思維僵局時(shí),被試產(chǎn)生了顯著的負(fù)性情緒;被試獲得問(wèn)題答案時(shí),產(chǎn)生顯著伴隨答案獲得的正性情緒。被試有關(guān)解題過(guò)程情緒主觀報(bào)告和選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,被試獲得答案所伴隨的啊哈體驗(yàn)主要是開(kāi)心、輕松和確信三類(lèi)典型情緒體驗(yàn)。研究運(yùn)用中文遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想問(wèn)題題面和題解在內(nèi)的多種啟動(dòng)線(xiàn)索就不同解題階段所產(chǎn)生的大腦兩半球的相互作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探討。研究顯示,在不同階段產(chǎn)生了不同的大腦互動(dòng)模式,并非單一的某個(gè)半球優(yōu)勢(shì)占主導(dǎo)。聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟的ERPs研究進(jìn)一步支持腦活動(dòng)機(jī)制系列認(rèn)知行為實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果,并顯示在被試首次嘗試解題后的600～800ms和1000～1200ms時(shí)窗內(nèi),有頓悟問(wèn)題較無(wú)頓悟問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生了顯著更負(fù)的腦電效應(yīng);被試在再次嘗試解題后的800～1000ms時(shí)窗內(nèi)于大腦兩半球產(chǎn)生了不同的腦電效應(yīng):無(wú)頓悟問(wèn)題較有頓悟問(wèn)題于左半球產(chǎn)生了顯著更負(fù)的腦電效應(yīng),而無(wú)頓悟問(wèn)題較之有頓悟問(wèn)題的解題過(guò)程產(chǎn)生更正的腦電效應(yīng)。上述結(jié)果表明,首次解題后600～800ms和1000～1200ms的腦電效應(yīng)可能主要與問(wèn)題求解的認(rèn)知控制和思維僵局的產(chǎn)生顯著關(guān)聯(lián),二次解題后大腦兩半球協(xié)同有異的腦電效應(yīng)可能主要與新異聯(lián)系形成有關(guān)。聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟的功能成像研究則顯示,被試主觀體驗(yàn)到的有頓悟問(wèn)題較之無(wú)頓悟問(wèn)題顯著激活了大腦的左半球扣帶前回和右半球的扣帶前回、額中回、額下回、楔前葉、顳中回、中央后回和頂下小葉等腦區(qū)。外周神經(jīng)機(jī)制實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,內(nèi)心所感觸的聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟可以通過(guò)外周體表的皮膚電變化來(lái)標(biāo)記�？傊�,上述系列實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)揭示,中文遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想問(wèn)題解決促發(fā)的聯(lián)想類(lèi)頓悟過(guò)程,是基于語(yǔ)義激活擴(kuò)散機(jī)制,并通過(guò)大腦兩半球的動(dòng)態(tài)協(xié)同和相互作用而實(shí)現(xiàn)的以認(rèn)知和情感整合為核心特征的心-身-腦三元交互活動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:"As an important element of creative thinking, to study it can not only promote the understanding of" people of creative thinking, but also "to clarify the basic problem of many theoretical ambiguity in creative thinking at present. Previous studies mainly through all the different tasks of the system to explore the psychological process of insight, especially the psychological thinking and contact with the formation of novel brain mechanisms. However, various cognitive tasks often have a field of obvious specificity, which is based on different tasks to explore the psychological insight and brain mechanisms are quite different. The research system combing and analysis based on combining features of task and mental process, the advocate of classification of insight, and research the main types of Lenovo insight psychology and brain mechanisms are discussed. Through the study of cognitive behavioral and cognitive experimental design series by God Scientific experiments to explore the psychology behind Lenovo class insight and brain mechanisms. Based on the Mednick (1962) of the connectionist theory developed Chinese Remote Association vocabulary library materials, cognitive behavioral experiments show that Chinese Remote Association material library has good reliability, and through creative personality test and classical insight problem solving task, the creative insight or tasks such as evaluation criterion validity showed that the task can characterize the process of insight, suitable for the Lenovo class insight psychology and brain mechanism. The first person emotional self reporting and forced choice experiment and third person behavior dimension analysis shows that Chinese Remote Association speech problems could be clustered into insight no problem and insight problem, emotion effect dynamic changes to solve the Chinese distance problem in the process of different phases. Have different emotional effect. The subjects suffered thinking deadlock when subjects have significant negative emotion; the subjects get answers to questions, with significant positive emotion answer. The subjects showed that the problem-solving process of emotional subjective reports and selection experiments, participants get the answer with the AHA experience is happy, relaxed and confident three typical emotional experience. Research by using the interaction mechanism of various Chinese problems and solutions of Remote Association, start clues were produced in different stages of solving the two cerebral hemispheres were discussed. Research shows that the interaction model of the brain at different stage, not a single one a dominant hemisphere dominant. ERPs of Lenovo class insight to further support the mechanism of brain activity series cognitive behavioral experiments, subjects and displayed on the first attempt after solving problems 600~800 MS and 1000 ~ 1200ms in the window, there is no problem of insight insight problem produced EEG effects significantly more negative subjects; try again after solving problems in 800 ~ 1000ms in the window on the two cerebral hemispheres have different effects of EEG: no more insight insight problems in EEG effects left hemisphere produced significantly more negative, the problem solving process without insight problems compared with insight problems EEG effect correction. The results showed that for the first time after solving 600 ~ 800ms and 1000 ~ EEG effects of 1200ms cognitive control and the main problems and solving thinking deadlock has significant correlation, two after solving the two cerebral hemispheres have synergistic brain effect difference might relate to new associations formed. Functional imaging study of Lenovo class insight showed by subjective experience to have insight problems compared with no significant activation of the brain's insight problem The left hemisphere anterior cingulate gyrus and right hemisphere anterior cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, precuneus, middle temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobe and other brain regions. Peripheral neural mechanisms of experimental results show that the inner feelings of Lenovo class insight can through peripheral surface skin changes to mark. In a word, reveal the series of experimental system, solve the problem of long distance Chinese Lenovo Lenovo class to promote the process of insight, is based on the diffusion mechanism of semantic activation, and the dynamic of the two hemispheres and collaborative interaction based on the cognitive and emotional integration as the core features of the mind body interaction brain three Yuan activity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 高飛;蔡厚德;;胼胝體調(diào)節(jié)大腦兩半球相互作用的機(jī)制[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2013年07期

2 邢強(qiáng);張忠爐;王夢(mèng)偌;張金蓮;王菁;姚艷芬;占丹玲;;漢字字謎任務(wù)中限制解除的電生理機(jī)制[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2013年05期

3 楊文嬌;張和云;李瑞菊;周治金;;線(xiàn)索對(duì)謎語(yǔ)問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程中元認(rèn)知監(jiān)測(cè)過(guò)程的影響[J];心理學(xué)探新;2013年01期

4 黃福榮;周治金;趙慶柏;;漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ)問(wèn)題解決中思路競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的眼動(dòng)研究[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2013年01期

5 陳群林;羅俊龍;蔣軍;位東濤;張慶林;;無(wú)意識(shí)加工對(duì)創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題解決的促進(jìn)效應(yīng)[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;2012年06期

6 黃福榮;周治金;;詞匯歧義消解的腦機(jī)制[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2012年10期

7 張慶林;田燕;邱江;;頓悟中原型激活的大腦自動(dòng)響應(yīng)機(jī)制:靈感機(jī)制初探[J];西南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年09期

8 朱海雪;楊春娟;李文福;劉鑫;邱江;張慶林;;問(wèn)題解決中頓悟的原型位置效應(yīng)的fMRI研究[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2012年08期

9 沈汪兵;羅勁;劉昌;袁媛;;頓悟腦的10年:人類(lèi)頓悟腦機(jī)制研究進(jìn)展[J];科學(xué)通報(bào);2012年21期

10 張忠爐;邢強(qiáng);唐志文;徐爭(zhēng)鳴;蔡新華;;醞釀期有效提示和無(wú)效提示的比較[J];心理科學(xué);2012年04期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 沈汪兵;劉昌;羅勁;;頓悟問(wèn)題思維僵局早期覺(jué)察機(jī)制的探討[A];第十五屆全國(guó)心理學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文摘要集[C];2012年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 呂凱;頓悟問(wèn)題解決中重構(gòu)過(guò)程機(jī)制研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2013年

2 邱江;頓悟問(wèn)題解決中原型激活的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)機(jī)制[D];西南大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1591832