本文選題：創(chuàng)造性　切入點：聯(lián)想類頓悟　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：頓悟作為創(chuàng)造性思維的重要組成要素,對它進行研究不僅可以“促進人們對創(chuàng)造性思維的理解和認(rèn)識”,而且還可以“澄清目前創(chuàng)造性思維理論中的許多含糊不清的基本問題”。以往研究主要借助各類不同任務(wù)系統(tǒng)探討了頓悟的心理過程,尤其是思維定勢和新穎聯(lián)系形成的心理與腦機制。然而,各類認(rèn)知任務(wù)往往具有明顯的領(lǐng)域特異性,使得基于不同任務(wù)所探討的頓悟的心理和腦機制頗有差異。研究基于系統(tǒng)梳理和分析,充分結(jié)合任務(wù)和心理過程的特征,主張開展頓悟分類研究,且研究主要就聯(lián)想類頓悟的心理和腦機制進行了探討。研究通過設(shè)計系列的認(rèn)知行為實驗和認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)實驗來探討聯(lián)想類頓悟背后的心理與腦機制。研究基于Mednick(1962)的聯(lián)結(jié)理論編制了中文遠距離聯(lián)想詞匯材料庫,認(rèn)知行為實驗結(jié)果顯示,中文遠距離聯(lián)想詞匯材料庫具有較好的信度,且通過包括創(chuàng)造性人格傾向測驗和經(jīng)典頓悟問題解決任務(wù)在內(nèi)的各項創(chuàng)造性或頓悟等任務(wù)評估效標(biāo)效度,顯示該任務(wù)能較好表征頓悟過程,適合開展后續(xù)的聯(lián)想類頓悟的心理和腦機制。第一人稱情緒自我報告和迫選實驗以及第三人稱維度分析的系列行為研究顯示,中文遠距離聯(lián)想言語問題可聚類為有頓悟問題和無頓悟問題,被試解決中文遠距離問題過程中產(chǎn)生了動態(tài)變化的情緒效應(yīng)。不同階段產(chǎn)生了不同的情緒效應(yīng)。被試遭遇思維僵局時,被試產(chǎn)生了顯著的負(fù)性情緒;被試獲得問題答案時,產(chǎn)生顯著伴隨答案獲得的正性情緒。被試有關(guān)解題過程情緒主觀報告和選擇實驗顯示,被試獲得答案所伴隨的啊哈體驗主要是開心、輕松和確信三類典型情緒體驗。研究運用中文遠距離聯(lián)想問題題面和題解在內(nèi)的多種啟動線索就不同解題階段所產(chǎn)生的大腦兩半球的相互作用機制進行了探討。研究顯示,在不同階段產(chǎn)生了不同的大腦互動模式,并非單一的某個半球優(yōu)勢占主導(dǎo)。聯(lián)想類頓悟的ERPs研究進一步支持腦活動機制系列認(rèn)知行為實驗的結(jié)果,并顯示在被試首次嘗試解題后的600～800ms和1000～1200ms時窗內(nèi),有頓悟問題較無頓悟問題產(chǎn)生了顯著更負(fù)的腦電效應(yīng);被試在再次嘗試解題后的800～1000ms時窗內(nèi)于大腦兩半球產(chǎn)生了不同的腦電效應(yīng):無頓悟問題較有頓悟問題于左半球產(chǎn)生了顯著更負(fù)的腦電效應(yīng),而無頓悟問題較之有頓悟問題的解題過程產(chǎn)生更正的腦電效應(yīng)。上述結(jié)果表明,首次解題后600～800ms和1000～1200ms的腦電效應(yīng)可能主要與問題求解的認(rèn)知控制和思維僵局的產(chǎn)生顯著關(guān)聯(lián),二次解題后大腦兩半球協(xié)同有異的腦電效應(yīng)可能主要與新異聯(lián)系形成有關(guān)。聯(lián)想類頓悟的功能成像研究則顯示,被試主觀體驗到的有頓悟問題較之無頓悟問題顯著激活了大腦的左半球扣帶前回和右半球的扣帶前回、額中回、額下回、楔前葉、顳中回、中央后回和頂下小葉等腦區(qū)。外周神經(jīng)機制實驗結(jié)果顯示,內(nèi)心所感觸的聯(lián)想類頓悟可以通過外周體表的皮膚電變化來標(biāo)記�？傊�,上述系列實驗系統(tǒng)揭示,中文遠距離聯(lián)想問題解決促發(fā)的聯(lián)想類頓悟過程,是基于語義激活擴散機制,并通過大腦兩半球的動態(tài)協(xié)同和相互作用而實現(xiàn)的以認(rèn)知和情感整合為核心特征的心-身-腦三元交互活動。
[Abstract]:"As an important element of creative thinking, to study it can not only promote the understanding of" people of creative thinking, but also "to clarify the basic problem of many theoretical ambiguity in creative thinking at present. Previous studies mainly through all the different tasks of the system to explore the psychological process of insight, especially the psychological thinking and contact with the formation of novel brain mechanisms. However, various cognitive tasks often have a field of obvious specificity, which is based on different tasks to explore the psychological insight and brain mechanisms are quite different. The research system combing and analysis based on combining features of task and mental process, the advocate of classification of insight, and research the main types of Lenovo insight psychology and brain mechanisms are discussed. Through the study of cognitive behavioral and cognitive experimental design series by God Scientific experiments to explore the psychology behind Lenovo class insight and brain mechanisms. Based on the Mednick (1962) of the connectionist theory developed Chinese Remote Association vocabulary library materials, cognitive behavioral experiments show that Chinese Remote Association material library has good reliability, and through creative personality test and classical insight problem solving task, the creative insight or tasks such as evaluation criterion validity showed that the task can characterize the process of insight, suitable for the Lenovo class insight psychology and brain mechanism. The first person emotional self reporting and forced choice experiment and third person behavior dimension analysis shows that Chinese Remote Association speech problems could be clustered into insight no problem and insight problem, emotion effect dynamic changes to solve the Chinese distance problem in the process of different phases. Have different emotional effect. The subjects suffered thinking deadlock when subjects have significant negative emotion; the subjects get answers to questions, with significant positive emotion answer. The subjects showed that the problem-solving process of emotional subjective reports and selection experiments, participants get the answer with the AHA experience is happy, relaxed and confident three typical emotional experience. Research by using the interaction mechanism of various Chinese problems and solutions of Remote Association, start clues were produced in different stages of solving the two cerebral hemispheres were discussed. Research shows that the interaction model of the brain at different stage, not a single one a dominant hemisphere dominant. ERPs of Lenovo class insight to further support the mechanism of brain activity series cognitive behavioral experiments, subjects and displayed on the first attempt after solving problems 600~800 MS and 1000 ~ 1200ms in the window, there is no problem of insight insight problem produced EEG effects significantly more negative subjects; try again after solving problems in 800 ~ 1000ms in the window on the two cerebral hemispheres have different effects of EEG: no more insight insight problems in EEG effects left hemisphere produced significantly more negative, the problem solving process without insight problems compared with insight problems EEG effect correction. The results showed that for the first time after solving 600 ~ 800ms and 1000 ~ EEG effects of 1200ms cognitive control and the main problems and solving thinking deadlock has significant correlation, two after solving the two cerebral hemispheres have synergistic brain effect difference might relate to new associations formed. Functional imaging study of Lenovo class insight showed by subjective experience to have insight problems compared with no significant activation of the brain's insight problem The left hemisphere anterior cingulate gyrus and right hemisphere anterior cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, precuneus, middle temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobe and other brain regions. Peripheral neural mechanisms of experimental results show that the inner feelings of Lenovo class insight can through peripheral surface skin changes to mark. In a word, reveal the series of experimental system, solve the problem of long distance Chinese Lenovo Lenovo class to promote the process of insight, is based on the diffusion mechanism of semantic activation, and the dynamic of the two hemispheres and collaborative interaction based on the cognitive and emotional integration as the core features of the mind body interaction brain three Yuan activity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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