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  本文選題：合作　切入點：互惠　出處：《浙江理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的：第一，研究精神獎勵和物質獎勵兩種不同方式，哪一種獎勵方式對人們的合作秩序建立更有效的問題；第二，研究第二方和第三方實施獎勵時，哪一方的獎勵對人們的合作秩序建立更有效的問題；第三，研究不同獎勵方式和獎勵實施者對合作秩序建立的交互作用的問題。 方法：本研究采用3(物質獎勵、精神獎勵、同時實施物質獎勵和精神獎勵)×2（第二方實施者、第三方實施者）的被試間設計，共6個實驗處理組。為了比較實驗處理的效應，設計一個對照組，該對照組只進行標準的公共物品實驗。處理組公共物品實驗的基礎上進行第二階段的獎勵。 結果：（1）第二方實施獎勵機制時的合作水平都要高于對照組且差異顯著，同時實施物質獎勵和精神獎勵組的合作水平均顯著高于精神獎勵組或單獨實施物質獎勵組，但精神獎勵組和單獨實施物質獎勵組的合作水平之間沒有顯著差異；（2）第三方實施獎勵機制時的合作水平都要高于對照組，同時實施物質獎勵和精神獎勵組的合作水平顯著高于單獨實施物質獎勵組，，單獨實施物質獎勵組的合作水平又顯著高于精神獎勵組；（3）分別實施獎勵機制時第二方的合作水平都要顯著高于第三方的合作水平；（4）第二方同時實施物質獎勵和精神獎勵組與單獨實施物質獎勵組的獎勵水平之間沒有顯著差異，但精神獎勵組的獎勵水平顯著低于同時實施物質獎勵和精神獎勵組或單獨實施物質獎勵組；(5)第三方同時實施物質獎勵和精神獎勵組的獎勵水平顯著高于精神獎勵組，精神獎勵組的獎勵水平又高于顯著單獨實施物質獎勵組；（6）單獨實施物質獎勵時第二方的獎勵水平顯著高于第三方的獎勵水平，單獨實施精神獎勵和同時實施物質獎勵和精神獎勵時第三方的獎勵水平顯著高于第二方的獎勵水平。 結論：（1）因互惠而產生的合作是人類社會進化過程中的一種本質特征（2）在激勵過程中，人們對物質上的激勵比精神上的激勵更為敏感。（3）在激勵過程中，物質激勵與精神激勵之間具有互補性，這種互補性還具有不可替代性的特點。（4）在合作過程中，人們之間的弱互惠可能比強互惠更為普遍和有效；（5）人們的合作行為不僅是為了實現互惠，也是為了滿足自身不同層次的需求。
[Abstract]:Objective: first, to study the two different ways of spiritual reward and material reward, which is more effective to establish the cooperative order of people; second, to study the second party and the third party to implement the reward. The third is to study the interaction of different reward ways and reward implementers on the establishment of cooperative order. Methods: in order to compare the effects of experimental treatment, we used 3 (material reward, spiritual reward, material reward and spiritual reward) 脳 2 (the second party implementer, the third party implementer) in 6 experimental treatment groups. A control group was designed to conduct standard public goods experiments, and the treatment group was awarded the second stage on the basis of the public goods experiment. Results the cooperation level of the second party was higher than that of the control group, and the cooperation level of the material reward group and the spiritual reward group were significantly higher than that of the spiritual reward group or the material reward group alone. However, there was no significant difference in the level of cooperation between the spirit reward group and the single material reward group. (2) the level of cooperation between the third party and the control group was higher than that in the control group. At the same time, the cooperation level of the material reward group and the spirit reward group was significantly higher than that of the material reward group alone. The cooperation level of the material reward group alone is significantly higher than that of the spirit reward group (3) the cooperation level of the second party is significantly higher than that of the third party when the reward mechanism is implemented separately. There was no significant difference in reward levels between the divine reward group and the single material reward group. However, the reward level of the spiritual reward group was significantly lower than that of the material reward and spiritual reward group or the material reward group alone) the reward level of the third party group was significantly higher than that of the spiritual reward group, and the reward level of the third party group was significantly higher than that of the spiritual reward group. The reward level of the spiritual reward group was higher than that of the material reward group (6) the reward level of the second party was significantly higher than that of the third party when the material reward group was implemented alone. The reward level of the third party is significantly higher than that of the second party when the spirit reward is implemented alone and the material reward and the spirit reward are implemented simultaneously. Conclusion (1) Cooperation due to reciprocity is an essential feature in the evolution of human society. In the process of motivation, people are more sensitive to material incentives than spiritual incentives. There is complementarity between material and spiritual incentives, which also has an irreplaceable feature. (4) in the process of cooperation, Weak reciprocity among people may be more common and effective than strong reciprocity) the cooperative behavior of people is not only to realize reciprocity, but also to meet their own needs at different levels.
【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842

【共引文獻】

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