本文關(guān)鍵詞： 種族效應(yīng) 結(jié)構(gòu)/特征信息 面孔區(qū)域信息 面孔方向信息 時(shí)間進(jìn)程　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人們識(shí)記本種族（own-race）面孔的成績(jī)通常大大優(yōu)于識(shí)記他種族（other-race）面孔的成績(jī)。這個(gè)現(xiàn)象被稱為“種族效應(yīng)”（ORE，other-race effect）。目前學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)種族效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)制有很多種不同的觀點(diǎn)。有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人們對(duì)不同種族面孔中的結(jié)構(gòu)信息有不同程度的加工，這種差別是導(dǎo)致種族效應(yīng)的最重要原因。另有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，結(jié)構(gòu)信息的加工和特征信息的加工都對(duì)種族效應(yīng)有影響，而且這種影響是同等重要。除此以外，還有一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)面孔的不同區(qū)域（上半臉和下半臉）對(duì)面孔知覺有不同程度的影響。 為了理解面孔的結(jié)構(gòu)信息、特征信息、區(qū)域信息在“種族效應(yīng)”產(chǎn)生過程中的作用，檢驗(yàn)和發(fā)展當(dāng)前理論界現(xiàn)有的觀點(diǎn)，我們?cè)诒菊撐闹型瓿闪藘身?xiàng)研究。研究一使用本種族版本和他種族版本的面孔維度測(cè)試（FaceDimensionTest,designedbyTanaka etal.,2009），系統(tǒng)操控本種族（中國(guó)）面孔和他種族（高加索）面孔中的結(jié)構(gòu)信息（例如，上半臉的結(jié)構(gòu)信息操控是調(diào)整兩眼之間的距離，下半臉的結(jié)構(gòu)信息操控是調(diào)整嘴巴和鼻子之間的距離）和特征信息（例如，上半臉的特征信息操控是調(diào)整眼睛的大小，下半臉的特征信息是調(diào)整嘴巴的大�。�，再同時(shí)呈現(xiàn)兩張中國(guó)面孔或兩張高加索面孔，要求被試做異同判斷（分辨二者相同或是不同）。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，（1）結(jié)構(gòu)信息和種族效應(yīng)的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)出一種區(qū)域選擇性：當(dāng)上半臉的結(jié)構(gòu)信息發(fā)生變化時(shí)，被試表現(xiàn)出顯著的種族效應(yīng)；而當(dāng)下半臉的結(jié)構(gòu)信息發(fā)生變化時(shí)，，被試沒有表現(xiàn)出任何種族效應(yīng)；（2）特征信息和種族效應(yīng)的關(guān)系也表現(xiàn)出區(qū)域的差別：當(dāng)上半臉的特征信息發(fā)生變化時(shí)，被試表現(xiàn)出顯著的種族效應(yīng)；而當(dāng)下半臉的特征信息發(fā)生變化時(shí)，被試表現(xiàn)出非常不穩(wěn)定的種族效應(yīng)；（3）被試的種族效應(yīng)對(duì)上半臉的結(jié)構(gòu)信息的敏感性還表現(xiàn)出一種方向選擇性：水平方向上的結(jié)構(gòu)信息變化表現(xiàn)出了種族差異，但垂直方向的結(jié)構(gòu)信息變化沒有表現(xiàn)出種族差異。為了在空間性質(zhì)之后再進(jìn)一步理解種族效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間進(jìn)程，研究二采用限時(shí)呈現(xiàn)的方式，設(shè)定四種時(shí)間窗口（200ms,400ms,600ms,1000ms），考察了結(jié)構(gòu)信息和特征信息的變化和種族效應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，結(jié)構(gòu)信息加工上種族效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生在200ms到400ms之間，特征信息加工上種族效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生早于200ms，特征信息先于結(jié)構(gòu)信息加工對(duì)種族效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生起作用。 綜上，我們認(rèn)為，（1）理解種族效應(yīng)不僅要關(guān)注面孔的結(jié)構(gòu)信息和特征信息之分，更要關(guān)注上下半臉的空間區(qū)域差別；（2）時(shí)間上，種族效應(yīng)在知覺過程的早期就已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。
[Abstract]:The recognition of racial faces is usually much better than that of other faces. This phenomenon is called "racial effect" or "race effect". At present, there are many different views on the mechanism of racial effect in academic circles. One view is that, People have different degrees of processing of structural information in different ethnic faces, which is the most important reason for the racial effect. Another view is that both the processing of structural information and the processing of characteristic information have an effect on racial effects. In addition, other studies have found that different regions of the face (upper and lower face) have varying degrees of influence on face perception. In order to understand the role of structural information, characteristic information and regional information of faces in the process of "racial effect", we examine and develop the existing viewpoints of the current theoretical circle. We have completed two studies in this thesis. One is to test the face dimensions of the race version and his race version by Tanaka etal.2009, systematically manipulating the structural information in the face of the race (China) and his race (Caucasia) (for example, The structural information manipulation of the upper face is to adjust the distance between the eyes, the structural information manipulation of the lower face is to adjust the distance between the mouth and the nose, and the feature information (for example, the feature information manipulation of the upper half face is to adjust the size of the eyes). The characteristic information of the lower face is to adjust the size of the mouth and present two Chinese faces or two Caucasian faces at the same time. The results showed that the relationship between the structural information and the racial effect showed a regional selectivity: when the structural information of the upper half face changed, The subjects showed significant racial effects, and when the structural information of the present half face changed, The relationship between the characteristic information and the racial effect also showed regional differences: when the feature information of the upper half face changed, the participants showed significant racial effect; And when the feature information of the present half face changes, The sensitivity of the racial effect to the structural information of the upper face also showed a directional selectivity: the change of structural information in the horizontal direction showed racial differences. In order to further understand the time course of the racial effect after the spatial nature, the second study adopts the method of time-limited presentation. Four kinds of time windows were set up to investigate the relationship between the variation of structural information and characteristic information and the racial effect. The experimental results showed that the racial effect in the processing of structural information was between 200ms and 400ms. The racial effect in the processing of feature information is earlier than 200 ms.The characteristic information is prior to the processing of structural information and plays an important role in the generation of racial effect. In conclusion, we think that in order to understand the racial effect, we should not only pay attention to the difference between the structural information and the characteristic information of the face, but also pay attention to the spatial regional difference between the upper and lower faces.) in time, the racial effect has already occurred in the early stage of perceptual process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 周國(guó)梅;張璐然;曾偉賢;;面孔識(shí)別的本族效應(yīng)理論述評(píng)[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2009年02期

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