本文關(guān)鍵詞： 社交焦慮 凝視效應 注視方向 威脅性程度　出處：《西南大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：焦慮的認知理論認為,對威脅刺激的注意偏向以及對模糊事件進行負性解釋的認知偏向是社交焦慮個體的焦慮狀態(tài)得以產(chǎn)生和保持的關(guān)鍵因素。以往大多數(shù)研究關(guān)注的社交線索是面部表情,而忽略了另一種更細微更常見的社交線索——眼睛的注視方向(gaze direction),這是一種相對模糊的刺激,有更多的空間讓焦慮個體產(chǎn)生焦慮特有的解釋和加工偏向。凝視效應也是一種直視探測優(yōu)勢,從進化論的角度來講,其產(chǎn)生的原因是因為直視刺激帶有重要的社會信息,甚至能阻止危險的發(fā)生,有利于個體生存。在日常生活中,當我們注視他人的眼睛時往往會出現(xiàn)兩種情況：他(她)看著你或不看你,前者是兩個人在眼神上的接觸(eye contact)稱之為直視,而后者為斜視。直視作為一種特殊的注視方向,可以傳遞許多非言語信息,如友好、親密、憤怒和攻擊等等,而社交焦慮個體更容易將直視這一種眼神接觸評估為威脅性刺激。本研究分為兩個研究(三個實驗),研究一的目的是探索社交焦慮對個體凝視效應的產(chǎn)生是否會產(chǎn)生影響,如果有影響,則進一步探討這種影響產(chǎn)生的原因是否與社交焦慮個體對直視圖片威脅性程度的評估有關(guān)。研究二則采用ERP技術(shù)探討社交焦慮對個體凝視效應的影響是來源于個體對直視刺激的早期注意還是來源于后期更高級的認知加工。首先,采用負面評價恐懼量表和交往焦慮量表進行測量,以最高分和最低分的27%將被試分為高社交焦慮組(HSA)和低社交焦慮組(LSA)。研究一的結(jié)果顯示,所有個體都產(chǎn)生了凝視效應,分組與注視方向的交互作用顯著,高社交焦慮個體探測直視的反應時比低社交焦慮個體更短。主觀威脅性評定發(fā)現(xiàn),直視的威脅性顯著大于斜視；內(nèi)隱威脅性評定發(fā)現(xiàn),對于高社交焦慮個體而言,直視圖片屬于威脅性圖片,而對于低社交焦慮個體而言,直視圖片不屬于威脅性圖片。這表明高社交焦慮個體搜索直視更快可能是由于直視刺激對于高社交焦慮個體而言是一種威脅性刺激。研究二的結(jié)果顯示,直視可以誘發(fā)的更大N170波幅；對于高社交焦慮個體而言,直視刺激所誘發(fā)的LPC波幅顯著大于斜視刺激,這表明個體對直視刺激存在早期注意,但是社交焦慮對個體凝視效應的影響是來源于后期更高級的認知加工。由研究一和研究二的結(jié)果可知：高社交焦慮個體的直視探測優(yōu)勢更明顯,而且可能是由于直視刺激對于高社交焦慮個體而言是一種威脅性刺激；ERP結(jié)果表明高社交焦慮個體對直視刺激進行進一步晚期評估和加工,驗證社交焦慮對個體凝視效應的影響是來源于后期更高級的認知加工。
[Abstract]:The cognitive theory of anxiety says, Attention bias to threat stimuli and cognitive bias in negative interpretation of fuzzy events are key factors for the emergence and maintenance of anxiety in individuals with social anxiety. Most previous studies focused on facial expressions. Ignoring another, more subtle, more common social clue-the gaze of the eye-gaze direction, which is a relatively vague stimulus, There is more room for anxiety individuals to produce anxiety specific interpretations and processing bias. Gaze effect is also an advantage of direct vision detection, and from an evolutionary point of view, it arises because direct vision stimuli carry important social information. In everyday life, when we look into the eyes of others, there are often two situations: he or she looks at you or doesn't look at you. The former is the eye contact between two people and the latter is squint. Direct gaze, as a special direction of gaze, can convey many non-verbal messages, such as friendliness, intimacy, anger, aggression, etc. Social anxiety individuals were more likely to rate direct eye contact as a threatening stimulus. The study was divided into two studies (three experiments) to explore whether social anxiety had an impact on the effects of individual gaze. If any, The second study used ERP technology to explore the effect of social anxiety on individual gaze effect. The early attention to direct visual stimulation comes from more advanced cognitive processing. First of all, The subjects were divided into high social anxiety group (HSA) and low social anxiety group (LSAs) with the highest and lowest scores of 27%. The results of study one showed that all individuals had a staring effect. The interaction between groups and fixation direction was significant, the response time of high social anxiety individuals to direct vision detection was shorter than that of low social anxiety individuals. Subjective threat assessment showed that direct vision was significantly more threatening than squint, and implicit threat assessment found that, For individuals with high social anxiety, direct view is a threatening picture, while for individuals with low social anxiety, Direct vision images are not threatening images. This suggests that individuals with high social anxiety may be searching faster because direct vision stimulation is a threat to individuals with high social anxiety. For individuals with high social anxiety, the amplitude of LPC induced by direct vision was significantly higher than that from strabismus, which indicated that individuals had early attention to direct vision stimulation. But the effect of social anxiety on individual gaze effect is due to the later higher cognitive processing. The results of studies 1 and 2 show that individuals with high social anxiety have more advantages of direct vision detection. Furthermore, it may be that direct vision stimulation is a threatening stimulus for individuals with high social anxiety. The results of ERP indicate that individuals with high social anxiety have further late assessment and processing of direct vision stimuli. To verify the effect of social anxiety on individual gaze effect comes from higher cognitive processing.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1515705