本文關(guān)鍵詞： 類別學(xué)習(xí) 類別結(jié)構(gòu) 學(xué)習(xí)策略 類別表征　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：類別學(xué)習(xí)是人們適應(yīng)環(huán)境的基本能力,對(duì)人們的生產(chǎn)和生活有著重要影響。同時(shí)類別學(xué)習(xí)是人類認(rèn)知能力的基礎(chǔ),是認(rèn)知心理學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)問題之一。該論文在行為實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,揭示類別學(xué)習(xí)的加工機(jī)制。這一研究成果不僅彌補(bǔ)了相關(guān)理論的研究空白,同時(shí)為促進(jìn)人類有效地進(jìn)行類別學(xué)習(xí)提供了理論依據(jù)。 該論文在系統(tǒng)地梳理了類別學(xué)習(xí)理論、類別表征理論以及相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)以往研究中多采用簡(jiǎn)單幾何圖形探討類別結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)類別表征的影響,采用復(fù)雜的人工動(dòng)物圖形材料來探討類別結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)類別表征的影響;針對(duì)以往研究中缺乏探討學(xué)習(xí)策略對(duì)類別表征,探討了學(xué)習(xí)策略對(duì)類別表征的影響；針對(duì)以往研究中缺乏對(duì)相似性類別表征和基于規(guī)則類別表征之間相互作用的研究,探討了這兩種類別表征之間的相互影響。 該論文設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)研究系統(tǒng)探討了類別學(xué)習(xí)中相似性表征和規(guī)則表征之間相互作用。研究一運(yùn)用兩可類別結(jié)構(gòu)考察了人們?cè)趦煽深悇e結(jié)構(gòu)下類別表征的方式。研究結(jié)果顯示,在類別學(xué)習(xí)中,一部分被試的類別判斷的正確率達(dá)到相似性表征下的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而另一部分被試達(dá)到了規(guī)則表征下的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該結(jié)果表明,在兩可類別結(jié)構(gòu)中,一部分被試采用了相似性表征,一部分被試采用了規(guī)則表征來表征類別。研究二在研究一的基礎(chǔ)上探討了在類別結(jié)構(gòu)確定的條件下,類別學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)對(duì)類別表征的影響。結(jié)果顯示：在相似性類別學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)下,人們?cè)谙嗨菩灶悇e結(jié)構(gòu)條件下達(dá)到了形成相似性表征的正確率水平,在單規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)條件下達(dá)到了形成規(guī)則表征的正確率水平,但是在組合規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)條件下沒有達(dá)到規(guī)則表征的正確率水平。在規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)下,人們?cè)谙嗨菩缘念悇e結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有達(dá)到相似性表征的正確率水平,而在單規(guī)則和組合規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)中均達(dá)到了規(guī)則表征的水平。這些結(jié)果表明：在單規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)條件下,無論是相似性學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)還是規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo),人們中都會(huì)形成規(guī)則類別表征,即在單規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)條件下,學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)對(duì)類別表征影響不大；在相似性類別結(jié)構(gòu)中,相似性學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)有利于人們形成相似性表征；在組合規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)中,規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)有利于人們形成規(guī)則表征。研究三在研究二基礎(chǔ)上探討了已有類別表征對(duì)后續(xù)類別表征的影響。結(jié)果顯示：先習(xí)得規(guī)則表征,再接受相似性策略指導(dǎo),被試進(jìn)行相似性類別結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)的表現(xiàn)顯著低于相似性表征要達(dá)到的正確率水平：先習(xí)得相似性表征,再接受規(guī)則策略指導(dǎo),被試進(jìn)行組合規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)的表現(xiàn)顯著低于規(guī)則表征要達(dá)到的正確率水平；先習(xí)得相似性表征,再接受規(guī)則策略指導(dǎo),被試進(jìn)行單規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)的表現(xiàn)基本達(dá)到規(guī)則表征要達(dá)到的正確率水平,即由于單規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)本身比較簡(jiǎn)單,先習(xí)得的類別表征對(duì)后續(xù)形成的類別表征影響不大。這些結(jié)果表明,除單規(guī)則類別學(xué)習(xí)外,先習(xí)得的相似性表征阻礙了后續(xù)規(guī)則表征的形成,先習(xí)得的規(guī)則表征阻礙了后續(xù)相似性表征的形成。 綜合三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,不同類別結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)中存在最佳的表征方式,基于規(guī)則類別結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳表征方式是規(guī)則表征,基于相似性類別結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳表征方式是相似性表征；學(xué)習(xí)策略指導(dǎo)和先習(xí)得的表征方式對(duì)后續(xù)類別表征的形成產(chǎn)生影響。這說明,在類別學(xué)習(xí)中,基于規(guī)則類別表征和基于相似性的類別表征存在相互作用。
[Abstract]:Category learning is the basic ability for people to adapt to the environment, has important influence on people's production and life. At the same time, category learning is the basis of human cognition, is one of the hot issues in the research of cognitive psychology. In this paper, based on the behavior experiment, reveal the processing mechanism of category learning. This research not only makes up for the study the blank theory, at the same time to promote the human effectively category provides a theoretical basis for the study.
This paper reviews systematically in category learning theory, representation theory and category based on related research, aiming at using simple geometric shapes to explore the influence of category structure on the category representation of the previous studies, using artificial animal graphics of complex material to investigate the effect of category structure on the category representation; discussion on characterization of learning strategies on the lack of category in previous studies, to explore the impact of learning strategies on category representation; previous studies on the lack of Category Similarity Study and characterization of interaction between category representation based on rules, to explore the relationship between the two categories of representation.
This paper designed three researches systematically discusses the interplay between similarity representation and rule representation in category learning. Study 1 investigated people categories in the category structure under the mode of representation with ambiguous category structure ambiguities. The results of the study show that in the category learning, a part of the correct rate of the subjects reached similar category judgment characterization of the standard, and the other part of the subjects reached the standard rules. The characterization results show that in the category structure ambiguous, some subjects use similarity representation, some subjects used the rule representation to table two in the study of syndrome type. Study based on the category the structure is determined, the category learning effect of strategy instruction on category representation. The results showed that the similarity of category learning strategy under the guidance, people form similarity in similarity under the category structure The correct rate of the level of representation, issued to the correct rate of formation of the rules represented in the single rule category structure condition, but the correct rate of the level of rule representation did not meet in the combination rules of category structure. Under the condition of learning strategy instruction in the rules, the people in the category of similar structure did not reach the level of accuracy of the similarity representation but, in the category structure of single rule and the multi rules have reached the level of characterization rules. These results show that in the single rule category structure conditions, both the similarity learning strategies or rules learning strategy instruction, will form the rules of category representation people, that there is one rule category structure under the condition of learning strategies the guidance has little effect on category representation; similarity in the category structure, similarity learning strategy instruction helps people develop similar representation; in combination rule category structure In the rules of learning strategy instruction helps people develop rules characterized. In two studies on three effects have been discussed on the basis of category representation for subsequent category representation. The results showed that the first acquisition rule representation, similarity and receive strategy instruction, were tested by the similarity of category structure learning performance was significantly lower than that of similar level of accuracy to achieve the first characterization: acquisition of similarity representation, and then accept the rules of strategy instruction, the test accuracy rate level learning category structure combination rule performance was significantly lower than the rules to achieve the first characterization; acquisition of similarity representation, and then accept the rules of strategy instruction, the test accuracy rate level learning rule of the single category structure the basic rules to characterization to be reached, because single rule structure itself is relatively simple, the first category representation on the subsequent formation of the acquisition of little influence. The category representation Some results show that, except for single rule category learning, the similarity Representation First hinders the formation of subsequent rule representation, and the rule representation first hinders the formation of subsequent similarity representation.
Three experimental results show that the best way to indicate the existence of different categories of structure learning, the best representation category structure based on rules is the rule representation, based on similar representations of the best category structure is similar to the representation; learning strategies and the first acquisition characterization methods on the formation of subsequent category representation impact. This shows and in the category learning, based on the rules of category representation and similarity based on category representation of interaction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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