本文關(guān)鍵詞： 量值理論 數(shù)量 時(shí)間估計(jì)　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：Walsh(2003)提出了量值理論解釋數(shù)量、時(shí)間、空間的關(guān)系。這一理論認(rèn)為我們的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)中存在一量值系統(tǒng),其包含數(shù)量、時(shí)間、空間等多種成分。三者的表征是一條心理數(shù)字線。數(shù)量、時(shí)間、空間三種屬性是通過(guò)一個(gè)共同的計(jì)數(shù)動(dòng)作聯(lián)系在一起的,即時(shí)間估計(jì)與數(shù)量估計(jì)相似,二者通過(guò)共同的計(jì)數(shù)累積原理進(jìn)行累計(jì)；數(shù)量、空間及時(shí)間有共同的神經(jīng)加工機(jī)制,處于大腦皮層的同一位置；在這一系統(tǒng)中不可數(shù)的及可數(shù)的數(shù)量信息被表征為同一種形式——心理數(shù)量；數(shù)字與空間存在聯(lián)系,也與時(shí)間存在聯(lián)系,并且這些屬性之間可能存在相互影響。 早期研究大部分都支持這一理論,數(shù)量影響時(shí)間估計(jì),數(shù)量與時(shí)間估計(jì)可能存在于同一系統(tǒng)中,大的數(shù)量會(huì)引起相對(duì)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間估計(jì),小的數(shù)量會(huì)引起相對(duì)短的時(shí)間估計(jì)。然而,之前的文獻(xiàn)中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了時(shí)間與數(shù)量之間的關(guān)系存在不對(duì)等的現(xiàn)象,時(shí)間估計(jì)不影響數(shù)量加工。并且最近采用聽覺通道進(jìn)行的研究表明,時(shí)間估計(jì)與數(shù)量之間是相互獨(dú)立的。本研究的目的是進(jìn)一步對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行探究,對(duì)量值理論進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。 本文采用三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討。三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)均采用5×5被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì),時(shí)距水平為5s、7s、9s、11s、13s五個(gè)水平,刺激個(gè)數(shù)為11、13、15、17、19個(gè)。每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)均選取了30名被試,年齡范圍為20-26歲之間。實(shí)驗(yàn)一是對(duì)之前采用聽覺通道進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明聽覺條件下數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間估計(jì)的影響不顯著,這同早期研究結(jié)果相一致。實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用視覺通道這一條件,采用同聽覺通道下完全一致的程序,探討是否數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間估計(jì)產(chǎn)生影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明視覺通道條件下數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間估計(jì)的影響顯著。實(shí)驗(yàn)三對(duì)視聽通道結(jié)果存在差異的原因進(jìn)行探索。之前的研究曾發(fā)現(xiàn)視覺時(shí)間估計(jì)需要的注意資源多于聽覺時(shí)間估計(jì)需要的注意資源量,因此實(shí)驗(yàn)三通過(guò)改變刺激的性質(zhì)降低其所需的注意資源量,探討是否通道間的差異導(dǎo)致了視聽結(jié)果的差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明簡(jiǎn)單刺激視覺條件下,數(shù)量對(duì)時(shí)間估計(jì)的影響不顯著,支持了本文的假設(shè)。上述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果并沒有支持量值理論,在此基礎(chǔ)上作者對(duì)數(shù)量與時(shí)間估計(jì)之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步推測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Walshon 2003) proposed a quantitative theory to explain the relationship between quantity, time and space. This theory holds that there is a quantitative system in our cognitive system, which includes quantity, time, and time. Space and other elements. The representation of the three is a psychological digital line. The three attributes of quantity, time and space are connected by a common counting action, that is, time estimation is similar to quantitative estimation. The number, space and time have the same neural processing mechanism and are located in the same position of the cerebral cortex. In this system, the uncountable and countable quantitative information is represented as the same form of psychological quantity, and the number is related to space and time, and these attributes may interact with each other. Most of the earlier studies supported this theory. Quantity affects time estimation. Quantity and time estimation may exist in the same system. Large quantities may cause relatively long time estimates. Small quantities cause relatively short time estimates. However, previous literature has also found that there is an unequal relationship between time and quantity. Time estimation does not affect quantitative processing. Recent studies using auditory channels show that time estimation and quantity are independent of each other. The purpose of this study is to further explore this phenomenon and test the quantitative theory. In this paper, three experiments were used to study this problem. The three experiments were designed in 5 脳 5 subjects. The time interval level was 5 sg 7s / 9sL / 11sL / 13s, and the number of stimuli was 111.13517 and 19, respectively. 30 subjects were selected for each experiment, and 30 subjects were selected for each experiment. The age range is 20-26 years. Experiment one is a validation of previous experiments using auditory channels, the results of which show that the number of auditory conditions has no significant effect on time estimation. This is consistent with the results of earlier studies. Experiment two uses the condition of visual channels and a procedure that is perfectly consistent with the auditory channel. The experimental results show that the number of visual channels has a significant effect on time estimation. Experiment 3 explores the reasons for the differences in the results of audio-visual channels. It was found that visual time estimation requires more attention resources than auditory time estimation. Therefore, by changing the nature of stimuli, experiment 3 reduced the amount of attention resources needed, and explored whether the differences between channels resulted in differences in audiovisual results. The experimental results showed that the number of simple stimuli had no significant effect on time estimation under visual conditions. The above experimental results do not support the quantitative theory. On this basis, the author further speculated on the relationship between quantity and time estimation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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