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  本文關鍵詞： 性別內群體偏愛 求偶動機 面孔吸引力 群體心理　出處：《曲阜師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：作為群居動物，，人類總是生活在形形色色的群體當中，而一旦個體成為某個群體內部的成員，其就會表現出一種獨特的現象：對所屬群體及成員評價更為積極，同時更樂意也更多的幫助內群體成員，這就是社會心理學研究者常常提及的內群體偏愛。已有關于該現象的研究主要集中于種族、地域、職業(yè)等分類形成的群體，那么基于性別分類的群體成員是否也存在內群體偏愛？如果存在性別內群體偏愛，其背后的產生機制是什么？本研究將通過三個實驗嘗試對上述問題進行解答，同時，研究還將結合進化心理學相關研究成果，探求求偶動機這一因素對性別內群體偏愛的可能影響。 研究一包括兩個實驗：實驗1a和實驗1b,分別以女性和男性為被試，探求性別內群體偏愛現象及求偶動機對其影響。具體實驗過程中我們通過視頻啟動的方法激活被試的求偶動機，同時采用Go/no-go任務測量被試的內群體偏愛水平，結果發(fā)現：（1）女性被試中存在基于性別的內群體偏愛；（2）男性被試不存在基于性別的內群體偏愛。（3）求偶動機激活時，女性被試會給予高面孔吸引力的同性以更積極的評價，即在群體成員為高面孔吸引力條件下，求偶動機的激活可以使女性被試產生更強的基于性別的內群體偏愛，而在群體成員為一般面孔吸引力條件下，求偶動機則不會對女性被試的性別內群體偏愛產生顯著影響。（4）無論群體成員為高面孔吸引力還是一般面孔吸引力，求偶動機都不會影響男性被試基于性別的內群體偏愛。 研究二著力于解答為什么會產生性別內群體偏愛。立足于整合理論，研究假設之所以女性被試會產生性別內群體偏愛是源于“我”在其間起到了調節(jié)作用：因為個體一般對自我的評價都是積極的，而“我”又屬于女性，所以女性也是積極的。在具體的實驗過程中采用行為主義條件作用范式激活被試“我—女性”這一連接，之后同樣采用Go/no-go任務對被試的性別內群體偏愛進行測量，此外，我們還對被試所具有的內隱自我態(tài)度進行測量，結果發(fā)現：（1）當女性被試“我—女性”的連接被激活之后，其將會表現出更強的基于性別的內群體偏愛。（2）女性個體對自我的內隱態(tài)度同其基于性別的內群體偏愛程度呈顯著正相關，且個體的內隱自我態(tài)度可以正向預測個體所具有的性別內群體偏愛水平。 基于研究1和研究2相關結果，得出以下結論： （1）在人類個體當中存在基于性別的內群體偏愛，且該現象具有性別差異：女性而非男性被試表現出基于性別分類的內群體偏愛現象。 （2）求偶動機會影響女性的性別內群體偏愛程度，該影響表現為當內群體成員為高面孔吸引力條件下，求偶動機的激活會使被試產生更強的性別內群體偏愛。 （3）“我”在女性個體性別內群體偏愛產生過程中起到調節(jié)作用。
[Abstract]:As a social animal, human beings are always living in the community and of every hue, once inside the individual to become members of a group, it will show a unique phenomenon: evaluation of the group members and more active, and more willing to have more help in group members, this is the study of social preference in group psychologists are often mentioned. Research on the phenomenon has been mainly focused on race, region, occupation classification form groups, then based on gender classification group members are there in the group preference? If there is sex preference, what is the mechanism behind it? This study will try to through three experiments answer to the problem, at the same time, the study will also combine evolutionary psychology related research results, to explore the factors may affect the motivation of gender preference in courtship.
This research includes two experiments: Experiment 1a and Experiment 1b, respectively in male and female subjects, to explore the influence of gender in the group preference and motivation of the phenomenon of courtship. The specific experimental process we start by means of video activation test was also used in courtship motivation, group preference level, the Go/no-go task to test the results showed that: (1) female subjects in preference in group based on gender; (2) male subjects in groups based on gender preference does not exist. (3) courtship motivation when activated, female subjects will give high facial attractiveness sex to a more positive evaluation, namely in the group members is high under the condition of facial attractiveness, courtship motivation can induce the activation of female subjects in groups based on gender preference, while in group members generally face attractive conditions, motivation is not the courtship of the female participants in the sex Group preference has a significant impact. (4) no matter whether group members are high face attractiveness or general face attractiveness, courtship motives do not affect male group preference based on gender.
The two study focused on answer why gender preference. Based on the integration of theory, research hypothesis that female subjects will have preference within the gender is derived from "I" to regulate between: because the individual general evaluation of the self is positive, and I also belongs to women. So women are positive. The behavioral conditioning paradigm used in the experimental process of concrete activation of subjects "I - women" in this connection, after using the same measure of gender preference of participants within the Go/no-go task in addition, we also tried to have the implicit self attitude measurement results. Found: (1) when the female subjects "I - female" connection is activated, it will show more preference in groups based on gender. (2) female individuals on implicit attitude towards self with its based on There is a significant positive correlation between the degree of the other group preference and the implicit self attitude of the individual can predict the level of group preference in the individual.
Based on the results of study 1 and Study 2, the following conclusions are drawn:
(1) there exists gender based internal group preference among human beings, and this phenomenon has gender differences: female rather than male subjects show a group preference based on gender classification.
(2) mating opportunity affects the degree of sex preference in females. The effect is that when the members of the group are highly attractive, the activation of courtship motives will result in stronger gender preference.
(3) "I" play a regulatory role in the process of group preference in women's individual sex.

【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1493641