本文關(guān)鍵詞： 自我復雜性 心境一致性效應 抑郁 生活事件壓力　出處：《西南大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：Linville的自我復雜性作為最具影響力的自我結(jié)構(gòu)模型,被廣泛應用于包括抑郁等消極情緒在內(nèi)的心理調(diào)節(jié)研究中。自我復雜性模型認為個體在自我復雜性水平存在的差異在一定程度上決定了個體對抑郁等消極情緒的易感性。具體而言,兩個自我維度間的聯(lián)系越緊密,情緒和想法越可能由其中一個擴散到另一個維度上。大部分人都會受到消極事件帶來的情緒影響,這些消極結(jié)果可能會導致內(nèi)分泌或免疫系統(tǒng)失調(diào)等不良的生理反應,從而影響個人的身心健康。而自我維度的高數(shù)量和低關(guān)聯(lián)(高自我復雜性)能通過限制受影響的自我范圍而緩沖(buffer)壓力事件后可能帶來的不良影響。心境一致性效應是指“與編碼或提取時的情緒狀態(tài)具有相同情感效價的材料會對編碼與提取起促進作用”。然而這一效應所得的研究結(jié)果并不一致,一些研究(Paunovic,Lundh,2002；Russo et al.,2006；Goeleven,RaedtBaert,2006)提供了實證支持,但有些研究(LangCraske,1997:Caseley,GemarSegal,2001；Steffen,GlascherBrassen,2005)不僅沒有得到這一結(jié)果甚至顯示出相反的結(jié)論(心境不一致效應)。當前的心境一致性效應解釋理論,如聯(lián)想網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,側(cè)重探討情緒與記憶的一一對應關(guān)系,忽視了情境與個人因素的作用。同時,縱觀心境一致性效應的研究,大都以非常態(tài)群體為研究對象,其結(jié)果很難應用于常態(tài)群體。鑒于自我在理解個體情緒認知的關(guān)鍵作用,尤其是自我結(jié)構(gòu)在心理調(diào)節(jié)中的重要影響,有必要考察自我結(jié)構(gòu)對心境一致性效應的影響。 本研究的目的在于基于積極心理學的研究取向,針對學術(shù)界對自我復雜性模型存在的爭議,采用改進的方法,試圖探討自我復雜性與心境一致性效應的關(guān)系,分為三個研究： 研究一,采用問卷調(diào)查,考察自我復雜性的特征、生活事件壓力及抑郁水平。結(jié)果顯示：總自我復雜性與生活壓力事件及抑郁呈正相關(guān),且自我復雜性對抑郁有顯著的回歸預測作用�？傋晕覐碗s性包括積極和消極自我復雜性兩個成分,無論是積極自我復雜性還是消極自我復雜性,它們均對抑郁有顯著的相關(guān)和預測作用；對生活事件壓力而言,只有消極自我復雜性存在顯著相關(guān)與預測作用,而積極自我復雜性不存在相關(guān)與預測作用。 研究二考察積極或消極心境誘發(fā)下,自我復雜性與心境一致性效應的關(guān)系。采用2(自我復雜性：高vs.低)x2(心境：積極vs.消極)被試間實驗設(shè)計,以回憶事件(記憶提取)作為心境一致性效應的指標。結(jié)果表明：自我復雜性水平不同的人在心境一致性效應上存在差異。自我復雜性水平較低的人表現(xiàn)出心境一致性效應：在消極心境下,自我復雜性水平越低的人回憶起來的事件也越消極；在積極心境下,自我復雜性水平越低的被試回憶起來的事件也越積極。自我復雜性較高的被試在回憶事件沒有出現(xiàn)心境一致性效應。驗證了Linville關(guān)于自我復雜性情緒緩沖效應的理論假設(shè)。 研究三考察積極或消極心境誘發(fā)下,自我復雜性水平不同的人在解釋判斷上是否存在心境一致性效應。采用2(自我復雜性：高vs.低)x2(心境：積極vs.消極)被試間實驗設(shè)計,實驗任務(wù)為新聞標題情感效價評定。結(jié)果顯示：自我復雜性水平較低的人表現(xiàn)出心境一致性效應-—自我復雜性水平越低隨著心境影響的新聞情感效價評定波動也越火；自我復雜性較高的被試在不同心境下對積極或中性新聞標題顯示出心境一致性效應,但對消極新聞標題的效價評定差異不顯著。 綜合以上三個研究得出結(jié)論：(1)自我復雜性由積極自我復雜性和消極自我復雜性兩個獨立成分構(gòu)成,它們分別對抑郁和生活壓力事件有著不同的影響：消極自我復雜性能顯著預測生活事件壓力與抑郁,是與生活事件壓力和抑郁有關(guān)的特質(zhì),也就是說,消極自我復雜性越高,生活事件壓力就越大,抑郁水平也越高。積極自我復雜性與生活事件壓力不相關(guān),但與抑郁呈負相關(guān),也就是說,積極自我復雜性越高,抑郁水平就越低。(2)自我復雜性越低的人越容易出現(xiàn)心境一致性效應,而自我復雜性高的人沒有受到心境一致性效應的影響,說明高自我復雜性能在消極心境下提取較積極的生活事件(心境不一致回憶),受心境影響的波動較少。證實對于具有高自我復雜性的個體而言,多樣性的自我知識結(jié)構(gòu)有可能作為一種調(diào)節(jié)器,使得個體能夠在消極的心境狀態(tài)下提取出積極的回憶,緩解消極心境的影響。
[Abstract]:Linville self structure complexity as the most influential self model, is widely used in the study include depression and other negative emotions, psychological adjustment. Self complexity model shows that the difference in the level of individual self complexity determine the susceptibility to depression and other negative emotions in a certain extent. Specifically, the two dimensions of self the more closely linked, emotions and ideas by one of the more likely spread to another dimension. Most people will be affected by the negative events bring emotions, these negative results may lead to endocrine or immune system disorders and other adverse physiological responses, thus affecting the individual's physical and mental health and self dimension high. The number and low correlation (high self complexity) can be affected by limiting the scope of self and buffer (buffer) may have adverse effects after stressful events. Exit consistency effect refers to "have the same valence and encoding or extract the emotional state of the material will promote the encoding and retrieval functions. However this effect research results are not consistent, some studies (Paunovic, Lundh, 2002; Russo et al., 2006; Goeleven, RaedtBaert, 2006) to provide the empirical support, but some studies (LangCraske, 1997:Caseley, GemarSegal, Steffen, 2001; GlascherBrassen, 2005) is not only the results without even showing the opposite conclusion (mood congruent effect). The theory of mood congruent effect the current interpretation, such as Lenovo network model, corresponding relationship of emotion and memory ignore, situational and personal factors. At the same time, in the study of mood congruency effect, mostly in the non normal group as the research object, the results are difficult to be used in normal group. In view of the self In understanding the key role of individual emotion cognition, especially the important influence of self structure in psychological adjustment, it is necessary to investigate the influence of self structure on the effect of mood congruency.
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between self complexity and mood consistency effect based on the research orientation of positive psychology, aiming at the controversy over the self complexity model in the academic field, which is divided into three studies.
The study, by questionnaire, to investigate the characteristics of self complexity, stressful life events and depression level. The results showed that the total self complexity and stressful life events and depression are positively correlated, and self complexity had a significant regression prediction effect on depression. The total self complexity including positive and negative self complexity two components, both positive self the complexity or negative self complexity, they are relevant and significant predictors of depression; the pressure of life events, there is a significant correlation and prediction of only negative self complexity, and positive self complexity there is no correlation and prediction function.
Study two examines the positive or negative mood induced, the relationship between self complexity and mood congruency effect. By 2 (self complexity: high vs. low X2 (mood): positive vs. negative) between subjects design, with memories of the event (memory) as the mood congruency effect index. The results show that the existence of self the level of complexity of different people in the mood congruency effect difference. Self complexity lower levels were shown mood congruency effect: in the negative mood, the lower the level of self complexity people recall more negative events; in positive mood, self complexity lower level participants recall events more positive. High self complexity there is no mood congruent effect appeared in the memories of the event. To verify the theoretical assumptions about the complexity of the buffering effect of Linville self emotion.
Study three examines the positive or negative mood induced by different levels of complexity, self existence mood congruent effect whether in the interpretation of the judgment. The 2 (self complexity: high vs. low X2 (mood): positive vs. negative) between subjects design, the task was the news title of emotional titer evaluation. Results showed that: self complexity low levels showed a mood congruent effect - self complexity lower levels with the effects of mood news valence fluctuations more fire rating; self complexity subjects in different mood of positive or neutral news headline shows the mood congruency effect, but no significant difference on the potency assessment of Title negative news.
緇煎悎浠ヤ笂涓変釜鐮旂┒寰楀嚭緇撹錛，

本文編號：1477337