本文關(guān)鍵詞： 權(quán)力 性客體化 倒置效應(yīng) 構(gòu)型性加工 分析性加工　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：性客體化是指就女性的身體或身體部分或性功能來評(píng)價(jià)女性,進(jìn)而將這些身體或身體部分的組合視為工具或能夠代表女性本身。一旦被客體化,女性就會(huì)僅僅被視為供別人使用或娛樂的身體或身體部分,而忽略其人性或人格特點(diǎn)。女性是客體化的主要目標(biāo),男性是客體化的主體。迄今為止,已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在西方文化背景中性客體化現(xiàn)象普遍存在,且有研究者指出由于文化規(guī)范的不同,在西方文化背景中普遍存在的性客體化現(xiàn)象,在東方文化背景中較少出現(xiàn)。性客體化經(jīng)歷會(huì)促進(jìn)女性自我客體化,進(jìn)而給女性給來許多負(fù)面影響。研究者指出,權(quán)力能夠促進(jìn)個(gè)體客體化他人。在心理學(xué)中,權(quán)力是指影響或控制別人或管理重要資源或?qū)嵤┆?jiǎng)賞和懲罰的能力。擁有權(quán)力能夠激活個(gè)體的接近傾向,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生關(guān)注獎(jiǎng)賞、逃避懲罰的行為,而這些行為僅僅用于滿足高權(quán)力者的個(gè)人目的,將目標(biāo)客體視為達(dá)到個(gè)人目的的工具,即權(quán)力產(chǎn)生客體化傾向。另外,權(quán)力線索的傳遞及表達(dá)方式對(duì)個(gè)體的社會(huì)認(rèn)知可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的影響。盡管已往研究已經(jīng)證明了客體化的存在,但已有研究多在西方文化背景中進(jìn)行,中國文化基于儒家文化的背景,持相對(duì)保守的性態(tài)度及相對(duì)嚴(yán)格的上下級(jí)態(tài)度。那么在中國文化背景中,高權(quán)力感個(gè)體相比低權(quán)力感個(gè)體是否會(huì)更傾向于性客體化他人?這是本研究希望探討的問題之一。另一方面,性客體化作為一種性別壓迫,體現(xiàn)了一種性別歧視態(tài)度。當(dāng)權(quán)力線索以不同方式(內(nèi)隱,外顯)呈現(xiàn)時(shí),權(quán)力對(duì)性客體化的影響是否會(huì)有顯著不同?這是本研究希望探討的第二個(gè)問題。此外,本研究運(yùn)用ERP技術(shù),采用倒置效應(yīng)范式來探討權(quán)力對(duì)個(gè)體性客體化影響的腦機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)一,通過權(quán)力經(jīng)歷回憶法給被試呈現(xiàn)外顯權(quán)力線索操縱被試的權(quán)力感,采用倒置效應(yīng)范式,收集被試再認(rèn)性感刺激圖片的正確率和反應(yīng)時(shí)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),高權(quán)力組被試再認(rèn)性感女性目標(biāo)時(shí),沒有倒置效應(yīng)出現(xiàn),表明個(gè)體更多采用分析性加工方式加工性感女性目標(biāo),有性客體化現(xiàn)象;再認(rèn)性感男性目標(biāo)時(shí),有倒置效應(yīng)出現(xiàn),表明個(gè)體更多采用構(gòu)型性加工方式加工性感男性目標(biāo),沒有性客體化。低權(quán)力組和控制組被試也沒有性客體化現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)二,通過權(quán)力詞匯搜索范式向被試呈現(xiàn)內(nèi)隱權(quán)力線索操縱被試的權(quán)力感,同樣采用倒置效應(yīng)范式。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),被試再認(rèn)性感女性和男性目標(biāo)時(shí),都有倒置效應(yīng)出現(xiàn),表明被試再認(rèn)性感男性和女性目標(biāo)時(shí),均更多采用構(gòu)型性加工方式,沒有性客體化。權(quán)力線索內(nèi)隱呈現(xiàn)時(shí),個(gè)體的權(quán)力感作用不顯著。實(shí)驗(yàn)三,通過事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù)(ERP)采用倒置效應(yīng)范式來探討個(gè)體識(shí)別性感人物目標(biāo)時(shí)權(quán)力所起作用的腦機(jī)制。以不同權(quán)力條件下不同刺激條件誘發(fā)的N170成分波幅和潛伏期的變化作為倒置效應(yīng)的指標(biāo)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)高權(quán)力組被試來說,正立男性刺激圖片與倒立男性刺激圖片誘發(fā)的N170波幅出現(xiàn)了顯著差異,即有倒置效應(yīng)出現(xiàn),沒有性客體化現(xiàn)象;而正立女性刺激圖片和倒立女性刺激圖片誘發(fā)的N170波幅沒有顯著差異,即沒有倒置效應(yīng)出現(xiàn),有性客體化現(xiàn)象。低權(quán)力組被試則沒有該效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)。本研究表明,中國文化背景中存在高權(quán)力個(gè)體對(duì)女性目標(biāo)的性客體化。然而,權(quán)力線索的傳遞和呈現(xiàn)方式作用顯著。外顯權(quán)力線索對(duì)個(gè)體性客體化認(rèn)知的影響可能大于內(nèi)隱權(quán)力線索。通過ERP技術(shù),本研究為性客體化現(xiàn)象的存在提供了電生理學(xué)證據(jù)。權(quán)力與性客體化都是日常生活中的普遍現(xiàn)象,探明權(quán)力對(duì)個(gè)體客體化認(rèn)知的影響,有利于指導(dǎo)個(gè)體,尤其是工作中的女性個(gè)體規(guī)避性客體化帶來的負(fù)面影響,進(jìn)而更好地工作、生活。
[Abstract]:The object refers to the female body or body part or function to evaluate the combination of these women, the body or parts of the body as a tool or to represent the women themselves. Once objectified, women will only be regarded as for others to use or entertainment in the body or body part, and ignore the human nature or personality characteristics. Women are the main object of the male is the main object. So far, it has been found that generally exists in the Western cultural background neutral object phenomenon, and some researchers have pointed out that due to the different cultural norms, sexual objectification is a common phenomenon in Western cultural background, there is less in the East cultural background. Sexual objectification experience will promote female self objectification, and for women to many negative effects. Researchers pointed out that the power to promote the individual object of others. In psychology, right Power refers to the ability to influence or control others or management important resources or the implementation of reward and punishment. Has the power to activate the individual close tendency, which gives rise to attention reward, escape punishment behavior, and these behaviors only to meet the high power of the individual, will target customer stereo in order to achieve personal purpose, i.e. the power generating object orientation. In addition, the transfer of power leads and expression of individual social cognition may produce different effects. Although previous studies have proved that the object exists, but the existing studies in the cultural background of the west, Chinese culture based on Confucian culture background, a relatively conservative attitude and the relatively strict subordinate attitude. So in Chinese cultural background, high sense of power compared to low power individuals whether individuals will be more inclined to the object of this study is the others? One of the hopes of discussion. On the other hand, the object as a kind of gender oppression, embodies a sexist attitude. When the power leads in different ways (implicit and explicit) present, whether power affect of object will be significantly different? This is the second issue of this research and look on. In addition, the use of ERP technology, using the inversion effect paradigm to investigate the brain power mechanism to influence individual object. Experiment one, through the power of experience recall method showing the participants explicit power cues were manipulated the sense of power, the inversion effect paradigm, collect the recognition of sexual stimulation the picture of the correct rate and reaction time. The experimental results show that the high power group is the recognition of sexy women's goal, no inversion effect, that more individuals adopt analytical processing methods and processing of sexy women, sexual object recognition phenomenon; Sexy male target, with inversion effect, the configuration of individual shows more processing processing sexy men, no object. Low power group and control group subjects did not appear the phenomenon of object. In experiment two, subjects were presented to the search paradigm of implicit power cues were manipulated by the sense of power the power of words, using the same inversion effect paradigm. Experimental results show that the recognition of sexy female and male target, have inversion effect, show that the recognition of sexy men and women are more objective, using configuration processing, no object. The power of implicit clue is present, individual the sense of power is not significant. In experiment three, the event-related potentials (ERP) to explore the individual identification of target power sexy figure brain mechanism by inversion effect paradigm. With different power conditions Change with stimulation of N170 component amplitude and latency conditions induced by the inversion effect as index. The experimental results showed that the high power group, male images and pictures induced stimulation of upright inverted N170 amplitude male stimuli showed significant differences, the inversion effect is, no sexual objectification and upright female phenomenon; pictures and pictures in the inverted female stimulation induced N170 amplitude had no significant difference, there is no inversion effect, sexual objectification. Low power group is not the effect. The research shows that the existence of the object of high power of individual targets for women of Chinese cultural background. However, the transfer of power leads and the way of presenting significant effect. The explicit influence power of individual cognitive object cues may be greater than the implicit power leads. Through ERP technology, the research object of the phenomenon of existence Provide electrophysiological evidence. Power and sexual objectification is a common phenomenon in daily life, explore the influence of power on the individual object of cognition, to guide the individual, especially the negative impact in the work of individual women to avoid sexual objectification brings, and better work and life.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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