本文關(guān)鍵詞：3～6歲城鄉(xiāng)兒童執(zhí)行功能發(fā)展及其差異研究　出處：《浙江師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 執(zhí)行功能 城鄉(xiāng)兒童 年齡特征 發(fā)展差異 影響因素

【摘要】：執(zhí)行功能逐漸成為近年來兒童認知發(fā)展這一重要領(lǐng)域的研究熱點和前沿,尤其是特別針對學前兒童所做的研究較多。執(zhí)行功能可以幫助兒童記住和使用新信息,集中注意力,解決復雜的問題,圓滿完成冗長卻又重要的任務,懂得如何制定計劃和做出決定,并在有需要時及時做出適當?shù)恼{(diào)整,意識并改正錯誤,控制我們的沖動行為來設(shè)定目標并在目標指導下監(jiān)控自己的完成過程�？傮w來看,國內(nèi)對兒童執(zhí)行功能的研究在方法上通常是采用幾個經(jīng)典任務對其進行綜合考察,而將工作記憶、抑制控制和認知靈活性這三大執(zhí)行功能子成分抽離開來進行的研究較少,在對象上缺乏跨年齡階段的研究,通常是為了探討其發(fā)展關(guān)鍵期而將不同的年齡階段分開來考察,把兒童在整個幼兒園時期作為一個整體考察其學習和生活中執(zhí)行功能發(fā)生的詳細變化的研究少之又少,專門針對農(nóng)村兒童這一特殊群體所做的研究則更少。本研究使用執(zhí)行功能行為測試軟件包含的7種執(zhí)行功能任務考察了210名3-6歲城市兒童執(zhí)行功能的工作記憶、抑制控制和認知靈活性三大子成分的年齡發(fā)展特征及性別差異,又選用其中的SOP、SSS和FIS三項任務考察了134名3-6歲鄉(xiāng)村兒童執(zhí)行功能的年齡特征和性別差異,并通過與131名年齡相當?shù)某鞘袃和瘜Ρ葋硌芯克麄冎g的發(fā)展差異。再通過問卷調(diào)查,從兒童的主要照顧者與幼兒的關(guān)系、母親最高文化程度、家庭人均收入和電子產(chǎn)品使用這四個重要家庭生活環(huán)境評價指標入手,對3-6歲城鄉(xiāng)兒童執(zhí)行功能發(fā)展差異的影響因素開展了初步研究,幫助主要照顧者和教育者更加清楚地了解執(zhí)行功能的發(fā)展過程及其影響因素,并掌握必需的早期兒童執(zhí)行功能發(fā)展的知識和促進方法,可以有效地將這些知識應用到家庭和學校教育中。研究結(jié)果表明：1.從整體上來看,3-6歲城鄉(xiāng)兒童在各任務的年齡主效應顯著,但性別主效應均不顯著,年齡和性別交互效應也均不顯著�？梢妶�(zhí)行功能在總體發(fā)展水平上是隨著年齡的增長而呈上升趨勢的。2.執(zhí)行功能的性別差異檢驗不顯著說明3-6歲城鄉(xiāng)男女兒童在執(zhí)行功能的發(fā)展水平上基本相當,3.在本研究的被試群體中,城市兒童的SOP測驗正確率、SSS測驗正確率和FIS測驗正確率均明顯高于鄉(xiāng)村兒童。4.城市兒童的主要照顧者為父母,而鄉(xiāng)村兒童的主要照顧者為爺爺奶奶或外公外婆,主要照顧者與幼兒的關(guān)系在SSS任務反應時、SOP任務正確率、SSS任務正確率和FIS任務正確率指標上差異顯著；城市兒童母親最高文化程度明顯高于鄉(xiāng)村兒童母親最高文化程度,母親最高文化程度在FIS任務正確率指標上差異顯著；城市兒童家庭人均收入明顯高于鄉(xiāng)村兒童家庭人均收入,家庭人均收入在SOP任務正確率、SSS任務正確率和FIS任務正確率指標上差異顯著；城市兒童經(jīng)常使用電子產(chǎn)品的人數(shù)略多于從不或極少使用電子產(chǎn)品的人數(shù),而鄉(xiāng)村兒童從不或極少使用電子產(chǎn)品的人數(shù)大大超過經(jīng)常使用電子產(chǎn)品的人數(shù),電子產(chǎn)品使用在SSS任務正確率和FIS任務正確率指標上差異顯著。綜上,3-6歲城市兒童在工作記憶、抑制控制和認知靈活性三大執(zhí)行功能子成分任務上的表現(xiàn)都顯著優(yōu)于鄉(xiāng)村兒童,且這種差異可能與主要照顧者類型,母親學歷,家庭經(jīng)濟狀況和電子產(chǎn)品使用等因素有關(guān)。建議為促進兒童執(zhí)行功能更好地發(fā)展,父母親應盡可能親自撫養(yǎng)兒童,努力提升自身的學歷并不斷學習科學育兒的先進理念,合理使用科技產(chǎn)品,以及為兒童發(fā)展提供充足的經(jīng)濟保障。
[Abstract]:The executive function of children's cognitive development in recent years has gradually become the hotspot of research and advanced this important field, especially on more specifically for preschool children do. Executive function can help children remember and use new information, focus attention, solve complex problems, round completed long but important task, how to plan and make a decision, and when necessary to make appropriate adjustments, consciousness and correct errors and control impulsive behavior we set goals and monitor their process in the target guidance. Overall, the domestic research on children's performance in the method is often adopted in several classical task to evaluate the the study, working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility of the three sub components of executive function for leave to smoke less, the lack of cross age stage on the object Study is usually in order to explore the key to the development of the different age stages separately to examine the children in the kindergarten period as a whole investigation study detailed changes of executive function of their learning and life happens less and less, the specialized research on this special group of children in rural areas do less. This study performs 7 executive function tasks function test software contains the survey of 210 3-6 year old city executive function of working memory in children with different age, gender and development characteristics of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility of three sub components, and use the SOP, SSS and FIS three tasks on 134 3-6 year old executive the function of rural children's age characteristics and gender differences, and through the comparison of city children and 131 age is to study the differences between them. Then through the questionnaire survey, from the children. The relationship between caregiver and child's mother, the highest educational level, family income per capita and electronic products using the four important evaluation index of family environment factors on the influence of executive function, development of urban and rural differences in children aged 3-6 years to carry out a preliminary study, the main caregivers and help educators better understand the development process of implementation factors the function and influence, and grasp the essential knowledge of early childhood development of executive function and promotion methods, can effectively apply the knowledge to the family and school education. The research results show that: 1. from the point of view, the main effect of age of urban and rural children aged 3-6 years in each task is significant, but the main effect of gender was not obviously, the age and gender interaction effect were not significant. The executive function is increased with age and increased the.2. executive function in the overall level of development. Don't test the difference was not significant 3-6 year old children in urban and rural men and women development level of executive function on equal 3. in the subjects of this study population, city children's correct rate of SOP test, SSS test and the correct rate of primary care FIS test accuracy were significantly higher than that of rural children.4. city children for parents, and take care of the children in rural areas mainly for grandparents or Grandpa grandmother, caregiver and child relationship in the SSS task reaction time, the correct rate of SOP task, SSS task and FIS task accuracy accuracy indicators were significantly different; the highest cultural city children's mother was obviously higher than that of the children's mother country highest cultural degree, the highest degree of mother culture in the FIS task accuracy indicators have significant difference; family income per capita was significantly higher than that of city children family children of rural per capita income, family income per capita in the SOP task the correct rate of SSS The correct rate of task and FIS task accuracy indicators were significantly different; number of city children often use electronic products slightly more than never or rarely used electronic products, and the number of rural children never or rarely use electronic products often use electronic products greatly exceed the number of electronic products used in the SSS task and FIS task correct correct rate index difference. To sum up city children aged 3-6 in working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility of three sub components of executive function tasks performed significantly better than children in rural areas, and the difference may be related to caregiver types, mother's education, family economic status and related factors of electronic products and so on. Suggestions for to promote the better development of executive function in children, parents should as far as possible to bring up their children, to improve their education and learn scientific parenting first The concept, the rational use of scientific and technological products, and the provision of adequate economic security for the development of children.

【學位授予單位】：浙江師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842.1

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本文編號：1409721