發(fā)布時間：2021-03-27 16:24

　　本研究調查了從巴基斯坦返回阿富汗喀布爾的阿富汗二代難民的跨文化適應過程,聚焦當前阿富汗背景下返回者回到原籍國第一年所面對的文化適應問題。此外,本研究還探討了媒體在增加和減少青年移民中的所起到的作用。阿富汗移民巴基斯坦有著悠久的歷史,本研究以金榮淵（young Yun Kim）的跨文化適應理論為基礎,以在巴基斯坦生活18年以上并返回阿富汗喀布爾的移民為對象開展研究,以半結構化訪談收集資料,來自喀布爾市的12名18至35歲的年輕返回者自愿參加了訪談。結果表明,語言障礙、文化知識和環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是返回者所面對的必須克服的困難。此外,研究概括出返回者為適應陌生環(huán)境所采取的三種主要策略:增加社會互動、使用大眾媒體、對當前問題保持開放的心態(tài)。 

【文章來源】：河北大學河北省

【文章頁數(shù)】：100 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
abstract
摘要
Acknowledgement
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Problem Statement
    1.2 Purpose of the Study
    1.3 Research Question
    1.4 Research Objectives
    1.5 Significance of the Study
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Emigrant and Afghan Refugee
    2.2 Challenges Faced by Refugees
    2.3 10Challenges
        2.3.1 N.1:Difficulties Obtaining legal Recognition and Personal Documents
        2.3.2 N.2:Difficulty in Accessing Quality learning,Education,and Skills-Building Opportunities
        2.3.3 N.3:Discrimination,Racism,Xenophobia,and"Culture Clash"
        2.3.4 N.4:Few Youth Employment and livelihood Opportunities
        2.3.5 N.5:Gender Inequality,Discrimination,Exploitation,and Violence,Including for LGBTI Youth
        2.3.6 N.6:Poor Access to Youth-Sensitive Healthcare,Including Psychosocial Support
        2.3.7 N.7:Lack of Safety,Security,and Freedom of Movement
        2.3.8 N.8:Challenges for Unaccompanied Youth
        2.3.9 N.9:Lack of Opportunities to Participate,Be Engaged,or Access Decision Makers
        2.3.10 N.10:Lack of Information About Asylum,Refugee Rights,and Available Services
    2.5 The Media Role During the Culture Adaptation of Refugees
    2.6 Cross-Cultural Adaptation Theory
    2.7 Afghanistan and Pakistan Historical Background
    2.8 Historical Background of Ethnic Discrimination in Afghanistan
    2.9 Language of Afghanistan
    2.10 Afghanistan’s View of Pakistan’s Role in Reconciliation
    2.11 Pakistan,Its People,and Culture:
    2.12 Afghanistan and Pakistan Relation
    2.13 Historical Background of Afghan Immigration
    2.14 Social and Cultural Relation between Afghan and Pakistan Refuges
    2.15 Afghan Forced Migration to Pakistan
    2.16 The Legal Status of Afghans Refugees in Pakistan
    2.17 Afghans Refugee in Pakistan From Immigration to Repetition
CHAPTER THREE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
    3.1 Culture as Applied to Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication
    3.2 Acculturation
    3.3 Factors Existing Prior to Acculturation
        3.3.2 Gender
        3.3.3 Education
        3.3.4 Cultural Distance
        3.3.5 Personal Factors
    3.4 Plural Society and Acculturation
    3.5 Adapting to A new Society
    3.6 Cross-Cultural Adaptation:Richness and Fragmentation
    3.7 In Search of a Big Picture
    3.8 Kim’s Integrative Theory of Communication and Cross-cultural Adaptation
    3.9 Entering A new culture
    3.10 The Stress-Adaptation-Growth Dynamic
    3.11 The Structure of Cross-Cultural Adaptation
    3.12 Personal Communication:Host Communication Competence
    3.14 Cognitive Components
    3.15 Cultural Understanding
    3.16 Cognitive Complexity
    3.17 Affective Components
    3.18 Operational Competence
    3.19 Host Social Communication
    3.20 Ethnic Social Communication
    3.21 Environment
    3.22 Predisposition
    3.23 Intercultural Transformation
    3.24 Intercultural Identity
    3.25 Media
    3.26 Youth
    3.27 General theories of Migration
    3.28 General theory of Media
    3.29 Research findings（first part）
        3.29.1 Positive Impacts of Media in Society
        3.29.2 Educative Role
        3.29.3 Transferring Information
        3.29.4 Actuate to Emotions and Feelings
        3.29.5 Raising society’s political and social awareness level
        3.29.6 Creating a logical Relationship between People and Government
        3.29.7 Constructive Criticism
        3.29.8 Forecast and Crisis Management
        3.29.9 Advertisement
        3.29.10 Entertainment
        3.29.11 Medias and Good Governance
        3.29.12 the Negative Impacts of Media
        3.29.13 Creating False Needs and Consumerism
        3.29.14 Cultural Removal
        3.29.15 Weakening Social trust
        3.29.16 Violence Expansion and Indiscipline Broadcasting
        3.29.17 Conclusion
CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH METHOD
    4.1 Research Method Overview
    4.2 Method of Data Collection
    4.3 Interviews-Primary Data
    4.4 Secondary Data
    4.5 Reliability and Validity of Data
    4.6 Participants and Selection Process
    4.7 My Role as a Researcher
    4.8 Ethical Considerations
    4.9 Data Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    5.1 Participants’Background Information
    5.2 Repatriation Experience
    5.3 Daily Life Experiences in Kabul City
    5.4 Language Proficiency
    5.5 Cultural Knowledge/Understanding
    5.6 Environmental Challenges
    5.7 Strategies
    5.8 Mass Media Usage
    5.9 Social Interaction
        5.9.1 What is the Role of the media in Raising Young People?
        5.9.2 What Role do the Media Play in Reducing Youth Migration?
        5.9.3 Can the Media be Effective in Managing Afghan Migration?
        5.9.4 Which Current Media Programs have Reduced or Increased the Tendency of Immigration?
        5.9.5 What Programs are at least Motivated Youth to Emigrate in the last Three Years?
        5.9.6 What Role can the Media Play in The Voluntary Returning of Youth?
CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION
APPENDIXA – ANALYSIS
APPENDIXB - Interview Questions
附件
References



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