【摘要】：文化泛指人類創(chuàng)造的一切物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和精神產(chǎn)品的總和，分為器物文化、制度文化和思想文化三個(gè)層次。思想文化是文化中的最高層次，以精神狀態(tài)存在，包括世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀和方法論。西方思想文化外向、活躍，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自由，渴望自我超越。中國思想文化內(nèi)斂、穩(wěn)重，強(qiáng)調(diào)集體主義，重視道德倫理，中國和西方思想文化的特點(diǎn)截然不同。 中西間的文化交往開始的很早，最早可以追溯到漢代，絲綢之路是中西文化交往的最好鑒證。近代以來，鴉片戰(zhàn)爭打開了中國的大門，中國被迫對(duì)外開放，西方思想文化涌入中國，傳統(tǒng)文化受到?jīng)_擊。先進(jìn)知識(shí)分子號(hào)召向西方學(xué)習(xí)，師夷長技以自強(qiáng)。洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)、維新變法、新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)不斷展開，中西思想文化在近代不斷碰撞融合。 建國初期，由于意識(shí)形態(tài)差異和沖突，，中西思想文化交流交融很少，交鋒十分激烈。1978年十一屆三中全會(huì)以后，中國進(jìn)行了改革開放，對(duì)外交往的大門打開，中國開始學(xué)習(xí)西方思想文化，中西思想文化交流交融不斷升溫。80年代末，由于受到西方社會(huì)思潮的影響，中國發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)動(dòng)亂，中西思想文化交流交融受到很大影響，交鋒再次活躍。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)，中西思想文化交流交融交鋒出現(xiàn)新特征。經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展促使中國思想文化影響力不斷提高，“西強(qiáng)我弱”的局面開始扭轉(zhuǎn)，中國開始承擔(dān)起促進(jìn)中西思想文化交流交融的重任。 在中西思想文化交流交融交鋒中，中國暴露出很多的問題。在學(xué)習(xí)西方的同時(shí)，我們?nèi)狈?duì)中國思想文化的保護(hù)，缺乏國際話語權(quán)的有力支持，這使得中國思想文化發(fā)展受到威脅。同時(shí)，中國思想文化發(fā)展缺乏創(chuàng)新，在同西方思想文化的競爭中處于劣勢。因此，我們必須要重視意識(shí)形態(tài)安全，促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)文化發(fā)展，努力爭取國際話語權(quán)，加強(qiáng)思想文化創(chuàng)新，提高國家文化軟實(shí)力，促進(jìn)中國思想文化的不斷發(fā)展。 從中西思想文化交流交融交鋒的歷史過程看，交流交融是文化發(fā)展的必然之勢，是中西思想文化關(guān)系未來的主要走向，符合思想文化發(fā)展規(guī)律。但是，由于社會(huì)制度的差異和國家利益的沖突，中西思想文化交鋒不可避免，并將長期存在。我們在不斷促進(jìn)中西思想文化交流交融的同時(shí)，必須要更好地解決存在的問題，做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，以應(yīng)對(duì)西方思想文化的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:Culture refers to the sum of all material products and spiritual products created by human beings, which are divided into three levels: instrumental culture, institutional culture and ideological culture. Ideological culture is the highest level of culture and exists in a spiritual state, including world outlook, outlook on life, values and methodology. Western ideology and culture are extroverted, active, emphasizing individual freedom and longing for self-transcendence. Chinese ideology and culture are introverted and stable, emphasizing collectivism and moral ethics. The characteristics of Chinese and western ideology and culture are very different. The cultural exchanges between China and the West began very early and can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The Silk Road is the best proof of the cultural exchanges between China and the West. Since modern times, the Opium War opened the door of China, China was forced to open to the outside world, western ideology and culture poured into China, the traditional culture was impacted. Advanced intellectuals called for learning from the West and learning from the West. The Westernization Movement, the Reform, the New Culture Movement, and the Chinese and Western thoughts and cultures collided in modern times. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, due to ideological differences and conflicts, the exchange of ideas and cultures between China and the West was rare and fierce. After the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978, China carried out reform and opening up and opened the door to foreign exchanges. China began to study Western ideology and culture, and the exchange of ideas and cultures between China and the West increased continuously. At the end of the 1980s, due to the influence of western social trends of thought, serious social unrest occurred in China, and the blend of Chinese and Western ideological and cultural exchanges was greatly affected. The exchange was alive again. In the new century, new features appear in the exchange of Chinese and Western thoughts and culture. With the rapid development of economy, the influence of Chinese ideology and culture is constantly improving, the situation of "strengthening the west is stronger than that of the weak", and China has begun to take on the responsibility of promoting the exchange of Chinese and Western thoughts and culture. In the exchange of Chinese and Western ideology and culture, China exposed a lot of problems. While learning from the West, we lack the protection of Chinese ideology and culture and the support of international discourse power, which threatens the development of Chinese ideology and culture. At the same time, China's ideological and cultural development lacks innovation and is at a disadvantage in competition with western ideology and culture. Therefore, we must attach importance to ideological security, promote the development of traditional culture, strive for the right of international discourse, strengthen the innovation of ideology and culture, improve the soft power of national culture, and promote the continuous development of Chinese ideology and culture. From the historical process of the blending of Chinese and Western ideological and cultural exchanges, communication and blending is the inevitable trend of cultural development, the main trend of the future relationship between Chinese and Western ideological and cultural relations, and conforms to the law of ideological and cultural development. However, due to the difference of social system and the conflict of national interests, the ideological and cultural confrontation between China and the West is inevitable and will exist for a long time. At the same time, we must solve the existing problems better and make adequate preparations to meet the challenge of western ideology and culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G115

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