本文選題：民國保守主義 + 異托邦　； 參考：《武漢大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：本論文從反思現代化的角度出發(fā),重新界定中國保守主義的起源和發(fā)展,首次明確地提出民國保守主義的概念,從而為中國保守主義的研究提供了一種新的研究視角。在研究過程中,本論文首次從被絕大多數研究者所忽略的副文本的角度切入民國保守主義,從而為中國保守主義的研究提供了一種新的研究領域。在研究方法方面,本論文又首次在宏觀上、整體上綜合運用了不同學科的理論知識——尤其是運用福柯的異托邦理論對民國保守主義進行跨學科研究,從而為中國保守主義的研究開啟了一種新的研究思路。 福柯曾在多種場合、多種論著作中闡釋其異托邦理論,從中可以抽象出異托邦多種多樣的特點,而這些特點又與民國保守主義者表現出的如何取舍中西文化以重構新文化而實現其救亡圖存宏愿的思想文化主張存在著諸多契合之處。民國保守主義者對新文化的闡發(fā),從宏觀上看就是建構了一個新文化異托邦,而這個新文化異托邦在微觀上所表現出的不同特點又使其可分別被稱為危機異托邦、監(jiān)視異托邦、調適異托邦以及補償異托邦。論文第一章基于危機異托邦的特點而展開論述,即結合異托邦所天然具有的危機意識或災難色彩闡釋民國保守主義者在建構新文化過程中所體現出的憂國憂民之心。民國保守主義者的新文化建構固然始于他們對現代化——尤其是西方化的反思,但他們闡釋其思想文化主張的第一步則始于繪制一個充滿憂患和危機的社會圖景。在“第一次世界大戰(zhàn)”已然充分暴露西方文化之弊端而傳統(tǒng)文化的價值又一直被埋沒的情況下,民國保守主義者為崇尚西化之風和貶抑傳統(tǒng)之潮而憂心忡忡。最為重要的是,崇尚西化之風與貶抑傳統(tǒng)之潮雙雙加劇了倫理失范和道德淪喪,而這顯然有礙于救亡圖存。客觀而言,民國保守主義者繪制的社會圖景頗具“過慮”成份,像現實又不完全現實,所以它實際上是一個充滿憂患的異托邦。論文第二章、第三章分別基于監(jiān)視異托邦的特點和調適異托邦的特點而展開論述。前者結合了異托邦有限度地對外開放的特點,后者則結合了異托邦注重保持自身特有屬性而又順應時勢的特點。二者分別闡釋了民國保守主義者在建構新文化過程中所表現出的實事求是地反思西方文化、反省傳統(tǒng)文化的評判態(tài)度和以應時需地借鑒西方文化、延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)文化的取舍原則。在評判、取舍西方文化方面,民國保守主義者既批判西化的思想行為所存在的誤區(qū),又重新闡釋西方文化的真正價值之所在,進一步拓展國人所認知的西方文化的外延,并積極取其所急需的內容,同時刻意舍棄或遮蔽其所不需要的內容。因之,民國保守主義者對西方文化的態(tài)度是既不排斥也非來者不拒,從而使其建構的異托邦時刻監(jiān)視著西方文化進入中國。至于在評判、取舍傳統(tǒng)文化方面,民國保守主義者在糾正時人刻意誤讀并刻意貶低傳統(tǒng)文化的基礎上,努力還原以儒家思想為代表的傳統(tǒng)文化的真義,大力倡導承繼或延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)文化——尤指傳統(tǒng)的倫理道德。民國保守主義者對傳統(tǒng)文化的倡導側重于揭示其應時對景的價值意義,從而使其建構的異托邦表現出一種順應時勢而又契合時勢的調適性特征。其實,監(jiān)視異托邦對西方文化的取舍以及調適異托邦對傳統(tǒng)文化的抉擇是民國保守主義者所建構的新文化異托邦的一體之兩面,其最終的走向則是建構和合中西文化的新文化以引導中國擺脫救亡圖存之困境。這種新文化既比照著純粹意義上的西方文化,又比照著純粹意義上的傳統(tǒng)文化,從而在對比之中呈現自己的優(yōu)勢或裨補自己的缺陷。但是,民國保守主義者建構新文化的主要目的不是展現傳統(tǒng)文化的優(yōu)越性,而是借鑒他者文化并改造傳統(tǒng)文化以促進中華民族的生存與發(fā)展。所以,論文第四章基于補償異托邦的特征而展開論述,即結合異托邦往往比照著現實空間污濁不堪或混亂無序的特點,側重于闡發(fā)民國保守主義者和合中西文化以重構新文化的崇高理想,同時展現民國保守主義者對不同的西方形象的想象性描寫。 通過論述民國保守主義副文本中的異托邦建構,本論文揭示出民國保守主義者在保守的外衣下所潛藏著的強烈的危機意識和愛國思想。民國保守主義者其實并不保守,而這種不保守一方面表現為民國保守主義者倡導延續(xù)的傳統(tǒng)文化是改良后的因時制宜、因地制宜的傳統(tǒng)文化而非一成不變的完全意義上的傳統(tǒng)文化；另一方面又表現為民國保守主義者雖極力反對全盤西化的觀點卻并不排斥有選擇、有限度地吸收確實具有借鑒意義的西方文化�？梢哉f,民國保守主義者極為敏銳地意識到西方文化對傳統(tǒng)文化的腐蝕和侵害,同時又極具前瞻性地預見到建構具有本民族特色的民族文化的必要性和迫切性。因之,民國保守主義者所建構的新文化異托邦有助于喚起或重申國人的民族意識、國家意識,以及隱藏于二者之后的國際競爭意識。
[Abstract]:From the angle of reflection of modernization, this paper redefines the origin and development of Chinese Conservatism, and first clearly puts forward the concept of conservatism in the Republic of China, thus providing a new perspective for the study of Chinese Conservatism. In the course of the study, this paper is the first of the paranus which is ignored by the overwhelming majority of the researchers. It provides a new field of research for the study of conservatism in China. In the field of research, this paper, for the first time, comprehensively applies the theoretical knowledge of different disciplines on the whole, especially the interdisciplinary study of the conservatism of the Republic of China by using Foucault's theory of the utopian state. The study of Chinese conservatism has opened up a new way of thinking.
In a variety of occasions, Foucault has explained his theory of Utopian theory in many kinds of works. From it, it can abstract a variety of characteristics of the utopian, and these features have many conjunctions with the ideology and culture of the Conservatives in the Republic of China for reconstructing the new culture in order to restructure the new culture to save the nation from subjugation. The elucidation of the new culture by the Conservatives is the construction of a new cultural hetero Utopian from the macroscopic view, and the different characteristics of the new cultural Utopian Utopian can be called the crisis Utopian, to monitor the isoputopia, to adjust the utopian state and to compensate for the utopian state. The new cultural construction of the Conservatives of the Republic of China began with their reflection on modernization, especially westernization, but they explained their ideas. The first step of cultural advocacy begins with a social scene full of crisis and crisis. In the case of "World War I", which has fully exposed the disadvantages of western culture and the value of traditional culture has been buried, the Conservatives in the Republic of China are worried about the trend of advocating westernization and degrading tradition. It is that the wind of advocating westernization and the derogatory tradition both aggravate the ethical anomie and moral decay, which obviously hinders the salvation of the nation. Objectively, the social scenes drawn by the Conservatives in the Republic of China are rather "worried" elements, like reality and not completely realistic, so it is a real Utopian full of anxiety. The second chapter of the thesis, The third chapter is based on the characteristics of the monitoring of the isoputopia and the adjustment of the characteristics of the isoputopia. The former combines the characteristics of the foreign opening of the utopian States, while the latter combines the characteristics of the ISO states to maintain their own unique attributes and conform to the current situation. The two interprets the process of constructing the new cultural process by the Conservatives in the Republic of China respectively. To reflect the western culture, to reflect on the western culture, to reflect on the attitude of the traditional culture and to draw on the western culture and to continue the principle of the traditional culture. In judging and taking up the western culture, the Conservatives in the Republic of China criticized the misunderstandings of the westernized ideology and behavior, and reinterpreted the true western culture. The value is to further expand the extension of the western culture recognized by the Chinese, and actively take the necessary content, while abandoning or obscure what it does not need. For it, the conservative attitude of the Republic of the Republic of China is neither repellant nor rejected, so that his construction of the utopian moment monitoring Xi Fangwen In terms of judging and taking up the traditional culture, the Conservatives in the Republic of China, on the basis of correct misreading and degrading traditional culture, tried to restore the true meaning of the traditional culture represented by Confucianism, and vigorously advocated the inheritance or continuation of traditional culture, especially the traditional ethics. The advocacy of traditional culture focuses on revealing the value meaning of its current situation, thus making the different Utopian conforming to the current situation and adapting to the current situation. In fact, monitoring the choice of the western culture and adjusting the choice of the traditional culture by the isoputopia are the new construction of the Conservatives in the Republic of China. The ultimate trend of the cultural isoputopia is to construct and integrate the new culture of Chinese and Western culture in order to guide China to get rid of the plight of saving the nation from subjugation. This new culture, compared with the pure western culture and the traditional culture in the pure sense, presents its own advantages and benefits in contrast. However, the main purpose of the Republican conservatives to construct a new culture is not to show the superiority of the traditional culture, but to draw on the other culture and to reform the traditional culture in order to promote the survival and development of the Chinese nation. Therefore, the fourth chapter of the thesis is based on the characteristics of compensating the utopian state, which is often compared with the reality. The characteristics of the unbearable or disordered and chaotic between the Conservatives of the Republic of China and the lofty ideals of reconstructing the new culture in the Republic of China and the Chinese and Western culture, and showing the imaginary description of the different western images by the Conservatives in the Republic of China.
By discussing the ISO Utopian construction in the conservative paranoties of the Republic of China, this paper reveals the strong sense of crisis and patriotism that the Conservatives in the Republic of China hidden under the conservative clothes. The Conservatives in the Republic of China are not conservative in fact, but on the one hand, the conservative advocates of the traditional culture advocated by the Conservatives of the Republic of China. It is the traditional culture that is adapted to local conditions and local conditions, but not the traditional culture in the complete sense. On the other hand, the Conservatives of the Republic of China, although they strongly oppose all westernization, do not exclude the choice and absorb the western culture that is indeed of reference. The righteous is extremely aware of the corrosion and invasion of the western culture to the traditional culture, and foresees the necessity and urgency of constructing the national culture with its own characteristics. And the international awareness of competition after the two.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G122

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