本文選題：文化景觀　切入點(diǎn)：驅(qū)動(dòng)因子　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：元陽哈尼梯田是我國著名的農(nóng)業(yè)文化景觀遺產(chǎn),其獨(dú)特的森林、梯田、村寨、河流為一體的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有豐富的生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和美學(xué)價(jià)值。然而隨著人類活動(dòng)對(duì)其景觀格局的不斷干擾,該地區(qū)的梯田面積不斷減少,森林資源遭到破壞,獨(dú)特民俗文化逐漸消失,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性被削弱,哈尼梯田農(nóng)業(yè)文化景觀遺產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨嚴(yán)重威脅。 本文基于對(duì)元陽哈尼梯田景觀格局特征和變化規(guī)律的分析,探討研究區(qū)景觀類型與各種驅(qū)動(dòng)因子之間的關(guān)系,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)哈尼梯田景觀格局的未來變化進(jìn)行情景模擬。以云南省元陽縣為研究區(qū),利用該地區(qū)2005年和2013年的遙感影像為數(shù)據(jù)源,對(duì)哈尼梯田的景觀格局和未來土地利用格局的變化進(jìn)行研究。首先,利用Erdas Image9.2軟件對(duì)遙感影像進(jìn)行解譯得到元陽縣景觀類型圖,然后使用Fragstats3.3軟件計(jì)算景觀格局指數(shù),分析研究區(qū)景觀格局變化特征。之后使用Logistic回歸模型探討景觀類型出現(xiàn)比率與各種自然和社會(huì)驅(qū)動(dòng)因子之間的關(guān)系,并設(shè)定維持現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展和規(guī)劃保護(hù)兩種情景計(jì)算土地需求狀況。在此基礎(chǔ)上利用CLUE-S模型對(duì)元陽縣哈尼梯田2020年景觀格局進(jìn)行情景模擬,最后,根據(jù)對(duì)模擬結(jié)果的分析提出哈尼梯田農(nóng)業(yè)文化景觀遺產(chǎn)可持續(xù)管理的決策和建議。本文的主要研究成果有： (1)2005年至2013年間元陽哈尼梯田景觀類型面積變化顯著。其中,耕地和林地景觀遭到破壞,水田、旱地、林地、草地面積減小,建設(shè)用地面積迅速增加,水域景觀面積變化最小。從總體上看,景觀破碎化程度變大。 (2)利用Logistic回歸模型對(duì)景觀類型出現(xiàn)比率與各驅(qū)動(dòng)因子之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行回歸分析表明,水田景觀出現(xiàn)的概率與到主要河流的距離、到主要公路的距離成正比；旱地與到河流的距離和高程成反比與人口密度成正比；園地受到公路的距離和高程因子的影響較大,與到城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)行政中心的距離成反比；林地景觀多分布在遠(yuǎn)離城鎮(zhèn)的山區(qū),受坡度因子的影響較大；草地與坡度、坡向因子成正比,與到行政中心的距離成反比；建筑用地與距離縣級(jí)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)行政中心的距離、人口密度成正比。使用ROC曲線觀察模擬精度：水田0.754、旱地0.816、園地0.635、林地0.743、草地0.835、建設(shè)用地0.722、水域0.886,均在0.6以上說明本文選取的驅(qū)動(dòng)因子有效,所選驅(qū)動(dòng)因子與土地利用景觀類型間有較強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。 (3)以2005年元陽縣景觀類型數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),將回歸方程和其他參數(shù)輸入到CLUE-S模型中對(duì)2013年土地利用情況進(jìn)行模擬。同時(shí),以2013年實(shí)際景觀類型數(shù)據(jù)為參考,利用Kappa系數(shù)對(duì)模擬精度進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果值為0.8645,說明CLUE-S模型在對(duì)元陽哈尼梯田景觀格局變化的模擬中具有一定的適用性。 (4)設(shè)定維持現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展情景和規(guī)劃保護(hù)情景,對(duì)2020年元陽縣土地利用情況進(jìn)行模擬和分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種情景下的土地利用狀況既有一定的共同特征也存在一些差異：旱地、建設(shè)用地和水域面積均增加,水田和林地景觀變化相反。在維持現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展情景下,研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷被破壞,水田和林地面積減少,在規(guī)劃保護(hù)情景下,元陽縣生態(tài)環(huán)境得到改善,城市建設(shè)有序擴(kuò)展,哈尼梯田農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)得到保護(hù)。 (5)針對(duì)元陽哈尼梯田地區(qū)2020年的情景模擬結(jié)果,結(jié)合其在景觀生態(tài)和傳統(tǒng)文化保護(hù)方面面臨的問題,提出了促進(jìn)梯田文化景觀的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的六點(diǎn)建議：加強(qiáng)對(duì)哈尼梯田農(nóng)業(yè)文化景觀的整體研究；制定發(fā)展規(guī)劃,控制景觀類型的變化；發(fā)展集生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為一體的生態(tài)旅游；提高傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕生產(chǎn)方式的收入水平;提高居民的教育水平；加強(qiáng)宣傳,鼓勵(lì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駞⑴c保護(hù)工作。
[Abstract]:Yuanyang Hani terrace is a famous agricultural cultural landscape heritage in China, its unique terrace, forest, village, river ecosystem as a whole has rich ecological, economic and aesthetic value. However, with the continuous interference of human activities on the landscape pattern of the terrace area of the area is decreased, the forest resources destruction the unique folk culture gradually disappeared and the stability of the ecosystem is weakened, the sustainable development of Hani terrace cultural landscape heritage is facing a serious threat.
The analysis of Yuanyang Hani terraced landscape pattern and changes based on the discussion of landscape types in the study area and the various driving relationship between factors, on the basis of the change in the future Hani terraced landscape pattern are simulated. In Yuanyang County of Yunnan Province as the study area, using remote sensing images in 2005 and 2013 in the area as the data source study on Hani terrace, landscape pattern and the future changes of land use pattern. Firstly, the remote sensing image of Yuanyang County landscape type map using Erdas Image9.2 software, and then calculate the landscape pattern index using Fragstats3.3 software, analysis of the characteristics of landscape pattern change research. After using the Logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between the driving factor the ratio of various kinds of natural and social landscape types, and set the status quo development and protection planning of two scenarios calculation The status of land demand. On the basis of the CLUE-S model are simulated on the terrace landscape pattern of Yuanyang County Hani last 2020, Hani put forward the sustainable management terrace cultural landscape heritage decision and suggestions based on the analysis of simulation results. The main research are as follows:
(1) changes in the area of Yuanyang between 2005 and 2013 Hani terraced landscape types significantly. Among them, cultivated land and woodland landscape destruction, paddy field, dry land, woodland, grassland area decreased, the area of construction land increased rapidly, landscape change water minimum. In general, the landscape fragmentation degree is bigger.
(2) using Logistic regression model to landscape and the relationship between the ratio of driving factors of regression analysis showed that the probability of paddy field and the distance to the main rivers, the main road is proportional to the distance to the river; dry land and the distance and elevation is inversely proportional to the ratio of population density; land is large effect of distance and elevation factor of highway, and inversely proportional to the city and township administrative center distance; forest landscape distributed in the mountains far away from the town, affected by the slope factor larger; grassland and slope, the slope factor is proportional, and inversely proportional to the administrative center of the county and the distance distance; building the township administrative center distance, population density is proportional to. Use the ROC curve to observe the simulation accuracy: dry paddy field 0.754, 0.816, 0.635 and 0.743 garden, woodland, grassland, construction land 0.835, 0.722, 0.886 water, More than 0.6 indicated that the driving factors selected in this paper were effective, and the selected driving factors had a strong correlation with the landscape types of land use.
(3) the landscape in Yuanyang County in 2005 based on the data type, the regression equation and other parameters to simulate the situation of land use in 2013 in the CLUE-S model. At the same time, the actual landscape types in 2013 data for the reference to verify the precision of simulation by using the Kappa coefficients, the test results was 0.8645, which indicates that the CLUE-S model is applicable in the simulation of changes in Yuanyang Hani terraced landscape pattern.
(4) set to maintain the status quo development protection scenario planning and scenario simulation and analysis of land use in Yuanyang County in 2020. It is found that the status of land use in two scenarios have some common features. There are some differences: dry land, construction land and water area increased, paddy field and woodland landscape changes instead. In the present development situation, the ecological environment of the study area has been destroyed, the area of paddy field and woodland decreased, in the protection planning scenario, Yuanyang County, the ecological environment is improved, the orderly expansion of city construction, the Hani terrace agricultural cultural heritage protection.
(5) for the 2020 Yuanyang Hani terrace area of scene simulation results, combined with its face in landscape ecology and traditional culture protection, puts forward six suggestions to promote the sustainable development of terrace cultural landscape: strengthen the overall study of Hani terrace culture landscape; planning and control of the change of landscape types; development in ecology, ecological tourism economic benefits as a whole; improve the income level of the traditional agricultural production mode; improve residents' education level; strengthen the publicity, encourage local residents to participate in the protection work.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G122

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本文編號(hào)：1653252