本文選題：馬克思　切入點：文化觀　出處：《西安理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬克思的文化思想得以形成是以一定的歷史背景和理論基礎為條件的。從形成背景來看,資本主義社會的產(chǎn)生和迅速發(fā)展以及無產(chǎn)階級革命運動的不斷涌動是馬克思創(chuàng)立其文化思想所依靠的宏觀背景,資產(chǎn)階級和無產(chǎn)階級的對立使得兩者之間的矛盾日益激化乃至無法調(diào)和,在這樣的境遇下,文化問題逐漸顯現(xiàn)并受到人們的廣泛關注;從理論淵源來看,在馬克思之前的哲學家對文化的探究和思辨為馬克思的文化思想奠定了理論基礎。文藝復興運動在很大程度上解放了人們的思想和觀念,使得人從封建思想和神學觀念的統(tǒng)治下解放出來,維柯對文化理論的開創(chuàng)、康德文化哲學的啟蒙、黑格爾文化思想的啟示以及摩爾根文化思辨的引領都對馬克思文化思想的產(chǎn)生起到了重要的理論導向價值作用。馬克思的文化思想產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展是一個客觀的演進歷程。由馬克思的經(jīng)典著作的文本論述中我們可以探尋到馬克思文化思想產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、成熟的演進軌跡,《1844年經(jīng)濟學哲學手稿》對文化產(chǎn)生的根源、文化的本質(zhì)以及文化的價值作了科學的闡釋,是馬克思文化思想形成的標志;《德意志意識形態(tài)》從歷史唯物主義的角度著眼,對文化產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展問題作了進一步的探索和闡釋,預示著馬克思文化思想在不斷成熟;《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》在對資本主義文化進行客觀評價的同時,對“世界文學”的建構進行了系統(tǒng)闡釋,是馬克思文化思想的綱領性文件;《資本論》著重從“人”的角度,來探討文化的問題,是馬克思文化思想成熟的標志;《人類學筆記》主要闡釋了文化發(fā)展過程中呈現(xiàn)的多樣性和統(tǒng)一性,是馬克思關于文化問題的晚年探索。本文從文化產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)實根源,文化的本質(zhì)屬性,文化的價值功能,文化的組織結(jié)構,文化的主體特征以及文化的發(fā)展走向等共六個角度來對馬克思文化思想的具體內(nèi)容進行宏觀概括,同時從階級性、科學性以及實踐性三個維度來闡述馬克思文化思想的理論特征。馬克思的文化思想在全人類視野內(nèi)文化整體思想的演進過程和馬克思主義文化理論演進過程都有著重要的價值和地位,馬克思文化思想的產(chǎn)生,開啟了人類文化哲學思想研究的新紀元,同時也為馬克思主義文化的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展奠定基礎。馬克思文化思想對我國當前社會主義先進文化建設,弘揚民族文化,正確對待外來文化,增強文化自覺、提升文化自信、實現(xiàn)文化自強具有重要的理論和實踐價值。
[Abstract]:Marx's cultural thought was formed on the basis of a certain historical background and theoretical basis. The emergence and rapid development of capitalist society and the constant movement of proletarian revolutionary movement are the macro background on which Marx founded his cultural thought. The contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat has become increasingly intense and even irreconcilable. In such circumstances, cultural problems have gradually emerged and received widespread attention. The exploration and speculation of culture by philosophers before Marx laid a theoretical foundation for Marx's cultural thought. The Renaissance liberated people's thoughts and ideas to a great extent. The liberation of man from feudal thought and theological idea, the creation of cultural theory by Vico, the enlightenment of Kant's cultural philosophy, The enlightenment of Hegel's cultural thought and the guidance of Morgen's cultural speculation have played an important role in guiding Marx's cultural thought. The emergence and development of Marx's cultural thought is an objective evolution. From the text of Marx's classic works, we can find out the origin of Marx's cultural thought. The evolution of development and maturity, the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844, gives a scientific explanation of the origin, essence and value of culture. German ideology is the symbol of the formation of Marx's cultural thought. From the perspective of historical materialism, it makes a further exploration and interpretation of the issue of the emergence and development of culture. The Communist Manifesto gives a systematic explanation of the construction of "world literature" while objectively evaluating capitalist culture. It is a programmatic document of Marx's cultural thinking. "Capital" focuses on the issue of culture from the perspective of "man." The Anthropology Notes mainly explains the diversity and unity in the process of cultural development, and is Marx's exploration of cultural problems in his later years. From six angles, such as the essential attribute of culture, the value function of culture, the organizational structure of culture, the main features of culture and the development trend of culture, the concrete contents of Marx's cultural thought are summarized macroscopically, and at the same time, from the class nature, the concrete content of Marx's cultural thought is summarized. This paper expounds the theoretical characteristics of Marx's cultural thought from the three dimensions of science and practice. The evolution process of Marx's cultural thought in the view of all mankind and the evolution process of Marxist cultural theory both exist in the field of vision of all mankind. With important values and status, The emergence of Marx's cultural thought opened a new epoch in the study of human cultural philosophy and thought, and also laid a foundation for the emergence and development of Marxist culture. It is of great theoretical and practical value to carry forward national culture, treat foreign culture correctly, strengthen cultural consciousness, promote cultural self-confidence and realize cultural self-improvement.
【學位授予單位】：西安理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G02;A81

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