本文關(guān)鍵詞： 辜鴻銘 道德力 良民宗教 中西文明 保守主義　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：辜鴻銘留給世人的是一個(gè)怪才的印象，他的怪表現(xiàn)在他的言行舉止上，而才卻是因?yàn)樗膰鴮W(xué)思想，他的國學(xué)思想主要是尊崇儒家傳統(tǒng)文化道德，他認(rèn)為儒教似宗教而非宗教，儒教不是宗教但卻能像宗教一樣去教化人民，因此他在儒家傳統(tǒng)文化道德中提煉出個(gè)人觀念就是中國人的精神，他認(rèn)為中國人的精神主要表現(xiàn)在良民宗教。良民宗教有仁、禮、智、義、悌這五種品質(zhì)，這些都是一個(gè)真正的中國人精神所必須具備的品德，擁有了這些品德也就擁有了一種最完美的力量——道德力。這種道德力也正是西方文化中缺少的，由于辜鴻銘深刻的了解西方文化，從中看到西方文明中的缺陷和不足，正是這些弊端導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的戰(zhàn)爭不斷，使得人民處于水深火熱之中。 辜鴻銘高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，胸懷天下人民，他極力的尋找中西文化中的差異，中國傳統(tǒng)文化中重“義”，而西方文化重“利”，正是因?yàn)槲鞣轿幕械睦麑?dǎo)致當(dāng)時(shí)世界上硝煙不斷，正是因?yàn)檫@樣導(dǎo)致西方社會(huì)的“群氓崇拜”。為此辜鴻銘也是第一個(gè)從中國文化中尋求解決西方近代化所出現(xiàn)的問題，用中國儒家思想塑造的具備良民宗教的人格力量去重新塑造西方的“群氓”，用這種完美的、強(qiáng)大的道德力來改變西方近代化產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)主義的痼疾。辜鴻銘極力推崇儒家思想，也使得人們認(rèn)為他是頑固的保守主義者，探尋辜鴻銘幼年的經(jīng)歷以及在歐洲長達(dá)14年的游學(xué)經(jīng)歷對(duì)他的影響中我們可以看到，他的這種保守來源于當(dāng)時(shí)歐洲社會(huì)浪漫主義，他的游學(xué)經(jīng)歷是辜鴻銘保守主義思想的萌芽時(shí)期，浪漫主義是形成辜鴻銘保守思想的關(guān)鍵。辜鴻銘的保守表現(xiàn)在對(duì)清朝和君臣制度的絕對(duì)忠誠，這也許是一種誤解。他的這種忠誠其實(shí)是對(duì)于中華文明的忠誠，源于這樣的忠誠他才能夠維護(hù)中華傳統(tǒng)文化的自尊，才能夠警醒到國人，使人們不要忘記自己民族的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)道德，而盲目的一味的追求西方社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義。在弘揚(yáng)中華文明的同時(shí)辜鴻銘也并沒有反對(duì)西方文明，他認(rèn)為西方文明在上古時(shí)期和中國文明是有相似之處的，只是反對(duì)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中西方文化中出現(xiàn)的物質(zhì)主義的泛濫，所以他希望中西方文化能夠融合相互補(bǔ)充是想全人類的新文明，，給世界帶來人性的美好。
[Abstract]:Gu Hongming left the world with the impression of a geek. His strange expression was in his words and deeds, but only because of his thought of Chinese culture, which mainly respected the traditional Confucian culture and morality. He believed that Confucianism was like religion rather than religion. Confucianism is not a religion, but it can educate the people just like religion. Therefore, he refined his personal concept from the traditional Confucian culture and morality, which is the spirit of the Chinese people. He believes that the Chinese spirit is mainly manifested in the good people's religion. Good people's religion has benevolence and propriety. The five qualities of intelligence, righteousness, and humanity, which are all the qualities that a true Chinese spirit must possess, have the most perfect force, the moral force, which is also lacking in Western culture. Because Gu Hongming deeply understood the western culture and saw the defects and deficiencies in the western civilization, it was these malpractices that led to the constant war of the society at that time and made the people in deep trouble. Gu Hongming has great foresight and heart for the people of the world. He tries his best to find the difference between Chinese and Western cultures. In Chinese traditional culture, he attaches great importance to "righteousness", while Western culture attaches great importance to "benefit", precisely because the benefits in western culture led to the constant smoke of gunpowder in the world at that time. It is precisely because this has led to the "mob worship" in Western societies. For this reason, Gu Hongming was the first to seek solutions from Chinese culture to the problems arising from the modernization of the West. Using the personality power of good people and religion created by Chinese Confucianism to remodel the "mob" of the West, and using this perfect and powerful moral force to change the chronic illness of materialism arising from the modernization of the West, Gu Hongming strongly advocated Confucianism. It also made people think he was a stubborn conservative, looking at Gu Hongming's childhood experience and his influence on him through 14 years of travel experience in Europe, which we can see that his conservatism came from European social romanticism at that time. His travel experience was the budding period of Gu Hongming's conservative thought, and romanticism was the key to the formation of Gu Hongming's conservative thought, which was manifested in his absolute loyalty to the Qing Dynasty and the monarch system. This may be a misunderstanding. His loyalty is actually loyalty to Chinese civilization, which is why he can safeguard the self-esteem of Chinese traditional culture and wake up the Chinese people. Make people not forget their excellent traditional morality, but blindly pursue the materialism of western society. While carrying forward the Chinese civilization, Gu Hongming did not oppose Western civilization. He believed that Western civilization had similarities with Chinese civilization in ancient times, but opposed the proliferation of materialism in modern society. Therefore, he hopes that Chinese and western cultures can merge and complement each other in the hope that the new civilization of all mankind will bring humanity to the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G122

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