【摘要】：非洲是一個(gè)問(wèn)題與機(jī)遇共存的大陸。一方面，非洲的發(fā)展問(wèn)題是其面臨的緊迫課題，其穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展不僅關(guān)系到非洲人民的根本利益，也關(guān)乎世界的和平與繁榮；另一方面，非洲大陸有著重要的戰(zhàn)略位置、廣袤肥沃的土地和豐富的礦藏，這塊充滿生機(jī)與活力的大陸愈加牽動(dòng)著全球殷切的目光。歐盟和美國(guó)早在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之后就對(duì)非洲提供了發(fā)展援助，但雖同屬于西方世界，二者在援助利益考量上卻有不同。 根據(jù)對(duì)二戰(zhàn)之后幾十年間的縱向梳理，，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)歐盟對(duì)非發(fā)展援助有平緩、遞進(jìn)式發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)，在援助金額上不斷增長(zhǎng)，在援助領(lǐng)域方面不斷擴(kuò)展和加深，對(duì)非援助占?xì)W盟整體對(duì)外援助的比重較高，體現(xiàn)出歐盟在非洲重視政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史影響等因素的綜合平衡考量，非洲在歐盟整體外交戰(zhàn)略體系中位置十分重要；而美國(guó)對(duì)非發(fā)展援助呈現(xiàn)出波折起伏的態(tài)勢(shì)，在援助金額上有大幅度的升降變化，在援助區(qū)域的選擇方面則根據(jù)形勢(shì)變化不斷調(diào)整，對(duì)非援助占美國(guó)整體對(duì)外援助的比重也較低，體現(xiàn)出美國(guó)對(duì)非洲的利益考量比較單一，總體上將非洲作為服務(wù)于美國(guó)的全球戰(zhàn)略的次要區(qū)域。 另外，通過(guò)二十一世紀(jì)初這一時(shí)間段的橫向比較，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)新時(shí)期歐盟和美國(guó)都同時(shí)增大了對(duì)非洲的關(guān)注力度，在對(duì)非發(fā)展援助的表現(xiàn)上有趨同性，但背后的動(dòng)機(jī)出發(fā)點(diǎn)卻又存在差別。相較而言，歐盟在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和各國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的刺激下更加偏重非洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，美國(guó)則在“911”事件發(fā)生后更看加看重非洲在反恐合作與能源供給方面的安全價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Africa is a continent where problems and opportunities coexist. On the one hand, the development of Africa is an urgent issue, and its stability and development are not only related to the fundamental interests of the African people, but also related to world peace and prosperity; on the other hand, the African continent has an important strategic position, vast and fertile land and rich mineral deposits, which is full of vitality and vitality. The European Union and the United States provided development assistance to Africa as early as the end of World War II, but although they belong to the Western world, they are different in terms of aid interests. According to the vertical combing of the decades after World War II, we can find that the EU's development assistance to Africa has been slow and progressive, the amount of aid has been increasing, and it has been expanding and deepening in the field of aid. The proportion of African aid in the overall foreign assistance of the European Union is relatively high, which reflects the comprehensive and balanced consideration of the EU's emphasis on political, economic, historical influence and other factors in Africa. Africa is very important in the overall diplomatic strategic system of the European Union; However, the United States' development assistance to Africa has shown a fluctuating trend, with a great deal of ups and downs in the amount of aid, and the choice of aid regions has been constantly adjusted according to the changes in the situation, and the proportion of aid to Africa in the overall foreign aid of the United States is also relatively low, reflecting that the interests of the United States in Africa are relatively single, and Africa is generally regarded as a secondary region of the global strategy in the service of the United States. In addition, through the horizontal comparison at the beginning of the 21 century, it can be found that both the European Union and the United States in the new period have increased their attention to Africa at the same time, and there is convergence in the performance of development assistance to Africa, but there are differences in the starting points of motivation behind them. In contrast, the European Union is more focused on Africa's economic value stimulated by the economic crisis and competition, while the United States attaches more importance to Africa's security value in counter-terrorism cooperation and energy supply after the September 11 incident.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D85

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