【摘要】：在國(guó)際關(guān)系中,中立是指國(guó)家在交戰(zhàn)國(guó)進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度,是在其他國(guó)家之間進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)不參加其事的國(guó)家地位。在奉行中立政策的國(guó)家中,瑞士是最具代表性的一個(gè)國(guó)家。瑞士中立歷史悠久,這是瑞士的歷史傳統(tǒng)、地緣政治環(huán)境,以及國(guó)際關(guān)系的發(fā)展和周邊大國(guó)外交博弈的結(jié)果。1815年,經(jīng)過(guò)拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,各戰(zhàn)勝國(guó)的一番實(shí)力較量與利益博弈,維也納會(huì)議首次認(rèn)可了瑞士的永久中立國(guó)地位。這也為瑞士國(guó)家的發(fā)展乃至國(guó)際關(guān)系的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要影響。 本文從國(guó)際關(guān)系中的“中立”概念入手,闡述瑞士獲得永久中立地位的起源和發(fā)展,分析瑞士在1815年維也納會(huì)議上獲得永久中立地位的原因。本文認(rèn)為,瑞士成為永久中立國(guó)是自身歷史傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)果和生存發(fā)展的需要,也是國(guó)際社會(huì)相關(guān)利益方博弈的結(jié)果。瑞士獲得永久中立地位后,隨著國(guó)際形勢(shì)的發(fā)展,其中立政策也不斷有相應(yīng)調(diào)整。
[Abstract]:In international relations, neutrality refers to the state taking an impartial attitude in the war between belligerents. It is the status of a country that does not participate in the affairs of other countries in the event of a war between other countries. Switzerland is the most representative of the countries with a neutral policy. Switzerland has a long history of neutrality, which is the result of the historical tradition of Switzerland, the geopolitical environment, the development of international relations and the diplomatic game between the neighboring powers. In 1815, after the Napoleon War, the victorious countries played a game of strength and interests. The Vienna Conference for the first time endorsed Switzerland's status as a permanent neutral nation. It also has an important influence on the development of Swiss country and even the development of international relations. Starting with the concept of "neutrality" in international relations, this paper expounds the origin and development of Switzerland's permanent neutral status, and analyzes the reasons why Switzerland gained permanent neutral status at the Vienna Conference in 1815. This paper argues that Switzerland's becoming a permanent neutral country is the result of its own historical tradition and the needs of its survival and development, as well as the result of the game between the relevant stakeholders of the international community. After Switzerland gained permanent neutral status, along with the development of international situation, its policy has also been adjusted accordingly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D852.2

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本文編號(hào)：2471264