【摘要】：“人民外交”作為一種獨具中國特色的外交形式,它是歷史的產(chǎn)物,有著特殊的政治語境。尤其是在新中國成立至中日邦交正�；倪@段歷史時期里,對中日關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。新中國成立后由于冷戰(zhàn)國際格局的制約以及東西方陣營對立,外交活動的空間非常有限;特別是建國初期所執(zhí)行的“一邊倒”外交政策,和朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā),使中國與一些意識形態(tài)相異國家的政治關(guān)系的發(fā)展變的極為困難。因此,“人民外交”由于其非官方或半官方屬性,以及靈活的對外交往方式,成為了新中國開展對外關(guān)系工作的重要載體;以“人民外交”輔助官方外交,成為開展對外活動的基本方式。因此,通過對新中國成立至中日邦交正�；@一歷史時期內(nèi)“人民外交”對中日關(guān)系影響的考察,對探尋這一時期中日關(guān)系周期性惡化的原因,以及當今中日關(guān)系的發(fā)展有著重要意義。本文首先對“人民外交”的意識形態(tài)基礎(chǔ)及歷史內(nèi)涵進行了梳理和總結(jié),同時通過與民間外交的辨析突出其所包含的特殊政治語境。其次,通過對“人民外交”的提出、開展、調(diào)整、轉(zhuǎn)型以及對中日關(guān)系所產(chǎn)生影響的考察,梳理出在1949-1972年這段歷史時期內(nèi),“人民外交”對中日關(guān)系的影響。最后,試對“人民外交”對中日關(guān)系的積極作用和局限性做出總結(jié),并從中得出粗淺的啟示。本文的結(jié)論是:“人民外交”雖在這一特殊的歷史時期對中日關(guān)系的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了一定的作用,但是通過“人民外交”所達成的協(xié)議并非有力的官方外交條約,且由于意識形態(tài)的局限,以及在“美日臺”條約體制下,日本政府一方面通過“人民外交”大量撰取經(jīng)濟利益,同時滿足了日本保守政府穩(wěn)定國內(nèi)局勢、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、平衡各方利益的需要;一方面卻不改敵視、侮辱中國之立場。面對日本政府的如此行徑,中國政府只能以完全斷絕中日關(guān)系作為應(yīng)對。并且,面對日本國內(nèi)在友好名義下發(fā)起的要求重開貿(mào)易的“國民運動”攻勢時,中國政府陷入了意識形態(tài)困境。因此,鑒于中日關(guān)系周期性惡化的現(xiàn)象,以及中美關(guān)系改善后中日關(guān)系迅速正�；臍v史現(xiàn)實,“人民外交”向民間外交的轉(zhuǎn)型就具有了必然性。時至今日,通過民間交流增進兩國人民的了解和友誼,仍是中日關(guān)系發(fā)展的必要環(huán)節(jié)。但是中日關(guān)系最終走出陰晴不定的歷史怪圈,仍有賴于日本政府能深刻反省歷史問題,以及東亞權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移之際中國國力的穩(wěn)步增長。
[Abstract]:As a unique form of diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, "people's diplomacy" is a product of history and has a special political context. Especially in the historical period between the founding of New China and normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, it has had an important impact on Sino-Japanese relations. After the founding of New China, the space for diplomatic activities was very limited because of the restriction of the international structure of the Cold War and the antagonism between the East and the West camp. Especially the "one-sided" foreign policy implemented in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the outbreak of the Korean War made the development of political relations between China and some countries with different ideologies extremely difficult. Therefore, "people's diplomacy", because of its unofficial or semi-official attributes, as well as flexible foreign exchanges, has become an important carrier of the work of foreign relations in New China. Supporting official diplomacy with "people's diplomacy" has become the basic way to carry out external activities. Therefore, by examining the influence of "people's diplomacy" on Sino-Japanese relations during the historical period from the founding of New China to the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, the paper explores the reasons for the cyclical deterioration of Sino-Japanese relations during this period. And the development of relations between China and Japan is of great significance. In this paper, the ideological basis and historical connotation of "people's diplomacy" are first summarized, and the special political context contained in it is highlighted through the discrimination and analysis of folk diplomacy. Secondly, through the introduction, development, adjustment, transformation and investigation of the influence on Sino-Japanese relations, the influence of "people's diplomacy" on Sino-Japanese relations during the historical period from 1949 to 1972 was sorted out. Finally, this paper summarizes the positive effect and limitation of people's diplomacy on Sino-Japanese relations, and draws some enlightenments from it. The conclusion of this paper is: although "people's diplomacy" has played a certain role in the development of Sino-Japanese relations in this special historical period, the agreement reached through "people's diplomacy" is not a powerful official diplomatic treaty. And because of the limitations of ideology, and under the "US-Japan-Taiwan" treaty system, the Japanese government, on the one hand, profited a large number of economic interests through "people's diplomacy," and at the same time satisfied Japan's conservative government with stabilizing the domestic situation and developing its economy. The need to balance the interests of all parties; On the one hand, they do not change their hostility and insult China's position. In the face of such actions by the Japanese government, the Chinese government can only respond by completely severing Sino-Japanese relations. And the Chinese government is in ideological trouble in the face of a "national movement" launched in Japan in the name of friendship to reopen trade. Therefore, in view of the periodic deterioration of Sino-Japanese relations and the historical reality of the rapid normalization of Sino-Japanese relations after the improvement of Sino-US relations, the transition from "people's diplomacy" to folk diplomacy is inevitable. To this day, promoting understanding and friendship between the two peoples through people-to-people exchanges is still a necessary link in the development of Sino-Japanese relations. However, the end of Sino-Japanese relations out of the historical cycle of uncertainty, still depends on the Japanese government to reflect on historical issues, as well as the steady growth of China's power as power transfer in East Asia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D822.231.3

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