改革開放后中國對(duì)非洲援助外交面臨的挑戰(zhàn)與調(diào)整
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-23 13:12
【摘要】： 中國對(duì)非援助在中非交往的歷史上起到了重要的橋梁與紐帶作用。改革開放后中國對(duì)非援助外交受到新時(shí)期戰(zhàn)略決策的影響,逐步完成了意識(shí)形態(tài)從強(qiáng)調(diào)到弱化、交流領(lǐng)域從單一到多元及合作性質(zhì)從注重經(jīng)濟(jì)援助到強(qiáng)調(diào)互利雙贏的三重轉(zhuǎn)變。這一轉(zhuǎn)變推動(dòng)了中非關(guān)系完成了從援助——被援助關(guān)系到合作伙伴關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)型。 在這一背景下,本文通過分階段觀察對(duì)非援助外交與相應(yīng)時(shí)期對(duì)非外交整體目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)情況的關(guān)聯(lián)度,發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)非外交的狀態(tài)與對(duì)非援助存在密切關(guān)系。然而對(duì)非援助政策在改革開放后的延續(xù)與變化造成的客觀局面,卻對(duì)對(duì)非援助外交的理念和實(shí)踐形成了不同程度的挑戰(zhàn)。表現(xiàn)在人權(quán)與民主的非議、互利援助下的貿(mào)易問題、援助主體多元化后的企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任缺失、援助重經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)輕多層互動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的中非民間關(guān)系問題等方面,因此,在對(duì)非援助力度不斷加大的今天,順應(yīng)改革開放尤其是21世紀(jì)以來的新形勢(shì),調(diào)整對(duì)非援助外交的理念與實(shí)踐就成了一種必須。如適度調(diào)整“不干涉”的絕對(duì)狀態(tài),有原則有條件地介入非洲事態(tài)；貿(mào)易上自我限制,并加強(qiáng)對(duì)非洲國家的能力援助；通過企業(yè)自律和政府規(guī)范,加強(qiáng)在非中資企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任；理解非洲政治環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性,關(guān)注多軌道外交的補(bǔ)充作用,重視文化援助與文化溝通,開展全方位外交；最后,考慮到利益上的攸關(guān)性,注意與西方其他援助主體的合作,保證對(duì)非援助外交的順利進(jìn)行。 今后,鑒于中非關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)型和援助的時(shí)效性,中國對(duì)非援助外交在繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持對(duì)非援助的核心理念,為非洲提供力所能及的援助之時(shí),需要盡早謀劃長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的全方位的對(duì)非外交戰(zhàn)略,主動(dòng)適應(yīng)全球化背景下的中非關(guān)系的新變化。
[Abstract]:China's aid to Africa has played an important role as a bridge and link in the history of China-Africa exchanges. After the reform and opening up, China's aid diplomacy to Africa was influenced by the strategic decision in the new period, which gradually completed the triple transformation of ideology from emphasis to weakening, communication field from single to pluralistic and cooperative nature from emphasizing economic aid to emphasizing mutual benefit and win-win situation. This shift has led to the transformation of China-Africa relations from aid-recipient to partnership. Under this background, by observing the correlation degree between non-aid diplomacy and the whole goal of non-diplomacy in the corresponding period, it is found that the state of non-diplomacy is closely related to non-aid. However, the objective situation caused by the continuation and change of the policy of aid to Africa after the reform and opening up has challenged the concept and practice of aid diplomacy to different degrees. This is manifested in the criticism of human rights and democracy, the trade problems under mutually beneficial assistance, the lack of corporate social responsibility after the diversification of aid subjects, and the problems of Sino-African civil relations resulting from the emphasis on economic objectives over the multi-level interaction. With the increasing strength of aid to Africa, it is necessary to adjust the concept and practice of aid diplomacy to Africa in accordance with the new situation of reform and opening up, especially since the 21st century. Such as adjusting the absolute state of "non-interference" appropriately, intervening in African affairs in principle and condition; restricting oneself in trade and strengthening capacity assistance to African countries; strengthening the social responsibility of non-Chinese enterprises through enterprise self-discipline and government regulation; Understand the complexity of Africa's political environment, pay attention to the complementary role of multi-track diplomacy, attach importance to cultural assistance and cultural communication, and carry out all-round diplomacy; Finally, considering the importance of interest, we should pay attention to the cooperation with other western donors to ensure the smooth progress of aid diplomacy to Africa. In the future, in view of the transformation of China-Africa relations and the timeliness of aid, China's aid diplomacy to Africa will continue to adhere to the core concept of aid to Africa and provide assistance to Africa within its means. It is necessary to plan a long-term and all-round strategy for non-African diplomacy as soon as possible, and to adapt to the new changes in Sino-African relations under the background of globalization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D822.34
[Abstract]:China's aid to Africa has played an important role as a bridge and link in the history of China-Africa exchanges. After the reform and opening up, China's aid diplomacy to Africa was influenced by the strategic decision in the new period, which gradually completed the triple transformation of ideology from emphasis to weakening, communication field from single to pluralistic and cooperative nature from emphasizing economic aid to emphasizing mutual benefit and win-win situation. This shift has led to the transformation of China-Africa relations from aid-recipient to partnership. Under this background, by observing the correlation degree between non-aid diplomacy and the whole goal of non-diplomacy in the corresponding period, it is found that the state of non-diplomacy is closely related to non-aid. However, the objective situation caused by the continuation and change of the policy of aid to Africa after the reform and opening up has challenged the concept and practice of aid diplomacy to different degrees. This is manifested in the criticism of human rights and democracy, the trade problems under mutually beneficial assistance, the lack of corporate social responsibility after the diversification of aid subjects, and the problems of Sino-African civil relations resulting from the emphasis on economic objectives over the multi-level interaction. With the increasing strength of aid to Africa, it is necessary to adjust the concept and practice of aid diplomacy to Africa in accordance with the new situation of reform and opening up, especially since the 21st century. Such as adjusting the absolute state of "non-interference" appropriately, intervening in African affairs in principle and condition; restricting oneself in trade and strengthening capacity assistance to African countries; strengthening the social responsibility of non-Chinese enterprises through enterprise self-discipline and government regulation; Understand the complexity of Africa's political environment, pay attention to the complementary role of multi-track diplomacy, attach importance to cultural assistance and cultural communication, and carry out all-round diplomacy; Finally, considering the importance of interest, we should pay attention to the cooperation with other western donors to ensure the smooth progress of aid diplomacy to Africa. In the future, in view of the transformation of China-Africa relations and the timeliness of aid, China's aid diplomacy to Africa will continue to adhere to the core concept of aid to Africa and provide assistance to Africa within its means. It is necessary to plan a long-term and all-round strategy for non-African diplomacy as soon as possible, and to adapt to the new changes in Sino-African relations under the background of globalization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D822.34
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