【摘要】：核武器一經(jīng)出現(xiàn)便成為國際社會關注的焦點。有核國家擁有核武器后便開始關注核不擴散問題。冷戰(zhàn)時期,蘇聯(lián)作為核武器超級大國之一,對核不擴散問題的態(tài)度對國際核不擴散事業(yè)有著深刻影響。隨著蘇聯(lián)與美國核均勢的形成,蘇聯(lián)與美國在維護核壟斷、限制其他國家獲得核武器方面找到共同利益,最終促成核不擴散機制的建立。蘇聯(lián)對待核不擴散問題經(jīng)歷了從消極到積極的過程。本質上講,蘇聯(lián)的核不擴散政策是以國家利益為中心,隨著蘇美矛盾的變化而變化的。蘇聯(lián)解體后,俄羅斯成為蘇聯(lián)核武庫及其所承擔的國際權力與義務的繼承國。盡管俄羅斯國際地位有所下降,但作為核大國之一,其在核不擴散問題上依然擁有較大的發(fā)言權。 經(jīng)過近20年的發(fā)展,俄羅斯的核不擴散政策逐漸明朗,在繼承蘇聯(lián)核不擴散政策的基礎上逐漸發(fā)展成一條獨特的俄羅斯核不擴散之路。俄羅斯堅定的支持當今的核不擴散機制,并對國際核不擴散機制的鞏固與完善起到了積極的作用。在具體問題上,俄羅斯在堅持國家利益的基礎上采取靈活、務實的做法,將核不擴散政策靈活的運用于國家對外政策之中。長遠看來,俄羅斯的核不擴散政策不會有所變化,在與美國加強核不擴散合作的同時,尋求對核不擴散機制的改革與完善。
[Abstract]:The emergence of nuclear weapons has become the focus of attention of the international community. Nuclear states have begun to focus on nuclear non-proliferation after they possess nuclear weapons. During the Cold War, as one of the nuclear powers, the attitude of the Soviet Union to the nuclear non-proliferation issue had a profound impact on the international nuclear non-proliferation cause. With the formation of the nuclear balance between the Soviet Union and the United States, the Soviet Union and the United States found common interests in maintaining the nuclear monopoly and restricting other countries to obtain nuclear weapons, which ultimately led to the establishment of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. The Soviet Union has experienced a process from negative to positive in dealing with nuclear non-proliferation. In essence, the nuclear non-proliferation policy of the Soviet Union is centered on the national interest and changes with the contradiction between the Soviet Union and the United States. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia became a successor to the Soviet nuclear arsenal and its international powers and obligations. Russia, one of the nuclear powers, still has a bigger say in nuclear non-proliferation, despite its declining international standing. After nearly 20 years of development, Russia's nuclear non-proliferation policy became clear and gradually developed into a unique Russian nuclear non-proliferation road on the basis of inheriting the Soviet Union's nuclear non-proliferation policy. Russia firmly supports the current nuclear non-proliferation regime and has played a positive role in consolidating and improving the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. On specific issues, Russia has adopted a flexible and pragmatic approach on the basis of upholding its national interests, applying its nuclear non-proliferation policy flexibly to its foreign policy. In the long run, Russia's nuclear non-proliferation policy will not change. While strengthening nuclear non-proliferation cooperation with the United States, it seeks to reform and improve the nuclear non-proliferation regime.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D815.2

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