【摘要】：“預(yù)防性外交”這個(gè)概念在20世紀(jì)60年代被聯(lián)合國秘書長達(dá)格·哈馬舍爾德（DagHammarskjold）首次提出來，其當(dāng)時(shí)的含義指的是在東西方冷戰(zhàn)區(qū)域以外的地區(qū)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)端，聯(lián)合國應(yīng)該介入，以防止美蘇兩個(gè)超級(jí)大國插手而引起更大規(guī)模的沖突。這一提法在當(dāng)時(shí)并沒有獲得廣泛關(guān)注。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后聯(lián)合國秘書長加利在其名為《和平綱領(lǐng)》的文件中重提“預(yù)防性外交”這個(gè)概念并進(jìn)行了比較詳細(xì)的論述，豐富了預(yù)防性外交的內(nèi)涵，使預(yù)防性外交更加具體化。此后預(yù)防性外交受到世界各國政府和學(xué)者的關(guān)注，其內(nèi)涵和外延也不斷擴(kuò)大。 由于各國利益著重點(diǎn)的不同以及學(xué)者學(xué)術(shù)背景的差異,使得至今國際社會(huì)還沒有形成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的比較權(quán)威的關(guān)于預(yù)防性外交的定義。本文第一部分將從預(yù)防性外交的內(nèi)涵及興起過程等方面對(duì)預(yù)防性外交進(jìn)行比較系統(tǒng)的論述，并對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期中國預(yù)防性外交的興起進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單梳理。本文認(rèn)為預(yù)防性外交是指在國家間或者具有重大國際影響的國內(nèi)爭(zhēng)端發(fā)生后，聯(lián)合國，，主權(quán)國家，各區(qū)域組織及個(gè)人為了防止?fàn)幎松?jí)，導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模暴力沖突的出現(xiàn)，而在政治、外交等方面做出的努力。 本文第二部分著重對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)后中國預(yù)防性外交的發(fā)展進(jìn)行論述。首先，中國積極推進(jìn)與世界各國建立信任措施，加強(qiáng)各方互信，避免互相猜疑及沖突的發(fā)生。其次，在事關(guān)東北亞地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定的朝核問題上，中國積極與相關(guān)國家協(xié)商溝通，努力推動(dòng)六方會(huì)談朝積極方向發(fā)展，盡最大努力維護(hù)東北亞地區(qū)的和平穩(wěn)定。再次，在事關(guān)中國核心利益的南海問題上中國保持克制，加強(qiáng)與相關(guān)國家協(xié)商，預(yù)防南海爭(zhēng)端升級(jí)而影響地區(qū)的和平穩(wěn)定。另外中國還積極在聯(lián)合國框架內(nèi)參與維持和平行動(dòng)，為世界和平貢獻(xiàn)力量。 中國在預(yù)防性外交實(shí)踐方面雖然取得了很大的成就，但由于起步較晚，因此還存在著諸多問題，對(duì)中國預(yù)防性外交存在問題的分析構(gòu)成了本文第三部分的內(nèi)容：首先，預(yù)防性外交本身的干預(yù)色彩對(duì)“尊重主權(quán)”和“不干涉內(nèi)政”原則構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)，使得中國對(duì)發(fā)展預(yù)防性外交存在疑慮。其次，我國對(duì)預(yù)防性外交理論的研究滯后導(dǎo)致話語權(quán)的喪失。再次，我國在國際舞臺(tái)上實(shí)施具體預(yù)防性外交行為的能力亟待提高。 文章的最后一部分將基于前面對(duì)預(yù)防性外交的實(shí)踐和問題的分析對(duì)中國預(yù)防性外交的前景進(jìn)行展望。預(yù)防性外交的重要性將在中國得到更廣泛的認(rèn)可，并將在更廣泛的非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮更大的作用，成為中國實(shí)踐“新安全觀”的重要方式。
[Abstract]:The concept of "preventive diplomacy" was first put forward in the 1960s by UN Secretary General Daguar Hammarskjold (DagHammarskjold). What it meant at the time was a dispute over areas outside the Cold War region between East and West, and the United Nations should intervene. To prevent America and the Soviet Union from meddling in a conflict on a larger scale. This formulation did not receive wide attention at that time. After the Cold War, the UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali put forward the concept of "preventive diplomacy" again in his paper "an agenda for Peace" and discussed it in more detail, which enriched the connotation of preventive diplomacy and made it more concrete. Since then, preventive diplomacy has been concerned by governments and scholars all over the world. Due to the differences in the interests of different countries and the academic background of scholars, the international community has not yet formed a unified and authoritative definition of preventive diplomacy. The first part of this paper will discuss the preventive diplomacy systematically from the aspects of the connotation and rising process of preventive diplomacy, and simply sort out the rise of China's preventive diplomacy during the Cold War. This paper holds that preventive diplomacy refers to the emergence of large-scale violent conflicts in the United Nations, sovereign States, regional organizations and individuals in order to prevent the escalation of disputes after the emergence of internal disputes between States or with significant international influence. And in the political, diplomatic and other efforts. The second part focuses on the development of China's preventive diplomacy after the Cold War. First, China actively promotes confidence-building measures with other countries in the world, strengthens mutual trust and avoids mutual suspicion and conflict. Secondly, on the DPRK nuclear issue, which concerns peace and stability in Northeast Asia, China actively consults with relevant countries, strives to push the Six-Party talks forward in a positive direction, and does its utmost to maintain peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Third, on the issue of the South China Sea, which concerns China's core interests, China has exercised restraint, strengthened consultations with relevant countries, and prevented the escalation of disputes in the South China Sea from affecting peace and stability in the region. In addition, China has also actively participated in peace-keeping operations within the framework of the United Nations to contribute to world peace. Although China has made great achievements in the practice of preventive diplomacy, because of its late start, there are still many problems. The analysis of the existing problems of China's preventive diplomacy constitutes the content of the third part of this paper: first, The color of preventive diplomacy itself challenges the principles of "respecting sovereignty" and "non-interference in internal affairs", which makes China have doubts about the development of preventive diplomacy. Secondly, the lagging of the theory of preventive diplomacy leads to the loss of the right of speech. Thirdly, China's ability to carry out concrete preventive diplomacy in the international arena needs to be improved. In the last part of the paper, the prospect of preventive diplomacy in China is forecasted based on the analysis of the practice and problems of preventive diplomacy. The importance of preventive diplomacy will be more widely recognized in China, and will play a greater role in a wider range of non-traditional security areas, and will become an important way for China to implement the "new security concept".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D829

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