【摘要】： 政府間政治溝通機(jī)制是兩國(guó)關(guān)系發(fā)展的重要載體,政府間政治溝通的程度和成效也是檢驗(yàn)兩國(guó)關(guān)系發(fā)展程度的重要指標(biāo)。中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,美國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,中美關(guān)系的重要性已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了雙邊范疇,中美兩國(guó)關(guān)系是具有全球戰(zhàn)略意義的雙邊關(guān)系。由于中美兩國(guó)在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)政治制度、意思形態(tài)以及傳統(tǒng)文化方面存在著巨大差異,中美兩國(guó)從最初的對(duì)抗到發(fā)展到今天具有全球意義的戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系,中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展除了受到國(guó)家利益交匯的影響之外,政治溝通機(jī)制中的溝通管道、方式、信息傳遞等因素也影響著兩國(guó)關(guān)系的發(fā)展。中美兩國(guó)如何求同存異,互利共贏,和平共處,政府間政治溝通的作用和意義也顯得尤為重要。自中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來(lái),中美政府間政治溝通經(jīng)歷了建交前的中美大使級(jí)會(huì)談、“乒乓外交”、”秘密外交”以及特使外交等特殊的政府間政治溝通機(jī)制,到1979年中美建交后兩國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、科技、軍事、安全以及人權(quán)等領(lǐng)域建立起了一系列的政府間政治溝通機(jī)制,其中奧巴馬新政府所延續(xù)布什政府時(shí)期而建立的新的中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話機(jī)制的就是典型的代表。六十年來(lái),中美政府間政治溝通呈現(xiàn)出:信息溝通渠道日趨機(jī)制化,溝通的問題領(lǐng)域日趨多樣化,溝通的向度和廣度日趨深入化的特征。中美政府間政治溝通受到溝通通道因素、信息傳遞的真實(shí)性因素以及政治溝通的靈敏性因素的影響。為了有效利用政治溝通對(duì)雙邊關(guān)系影響的有利因素,我們應(yīng)該提高政治信息的傳送渠道的機(jī)制化和制度化的程度特別要發(fā)揮好大眾傳媒在國(guó)際政治溝通中的作用、提高政治信息傳遞的真實(shí)性、提高發(fā)送和處理信息時(shí)機(jī)構(gòu)或個(gè)人的靈敏迅捷程度等。發(fā)展和利用好政府間政治溝通機(jī)制,有利于中國(guó)主動(dòng)塑造中美關(guān)系,確保戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期的和平發(fā)展的外部環(huán)境。而中美兩國(guó)政府間政治溝通機(jī)制的發(fā)展使得兩國(guó)能從戰(zhàn)略的高度來(lái)處理兩國(guó)關(guān)系,使得雙方?jīng)Q策有利于服務(wù)中美關(guān)系的大局,促進(jìn)雙邊關(guān)系穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Intergovernmental political communication mechanism is an important carrier of the development of bilateral relations, and the degree and effect of intergovernmental political communication is also an important indicator to test the development of bilateral relations. China is the largest developing country in the world and the United States is the largest developed country in the world. Due to the huge differences between China and the United States in social, economic and political systems, meaning forms and traditional cultures, China and the United States have developed from the initial confrontation to the strategic relationship of global significance today. In addition to the influence of the intersection of national interests, the development of Sino-US relations is also affected by the communication channels, modes, information transmission and other factors in the political communication mechanism. How China and the United States seek common ground while reserving differences, mutual benefit, peaceful coexistence, and the role and significance of intergovernmental political communication are particularly important. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, Sino-US intergovernmental political communication has experienced special intergovernmental political communication mechanisms such as Sino-US ambassadorial talks before the establishment of diplomatic relations, "ping-pong diplomacy," secret diplomacy, "and special envoy diplomacy. By 1979, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the two countries had established a series of intergovernmental political communication mechanisms in the fields of economy, politics, science and technology, military affairs, security and human rights. The new mechanism of strategic and economic dialogue between China and the United States established by the new Obama administration during the Bush administration is a typical representative. In the past 60 years, the political communication between Chinese and American governments has shown that the channels of information communication are becoming more and more systematic, the communication problem fields are becoming more and more diversified, and the direction and breadth of communication are becoming deeper and deeper. The political communication between Chinese and American governments is influenced by the factors of communication channel, authenticity of information transmission and sensitivity of political communication. In order to make effective use of the favorable factors that political communication has had on bilateral relations, we should improve the degree of institutionalization and institutionalization of the channels of political information transmission, in particular, to give full play to the role of the mass media in international political communication. Improve the authenticity of political information transmission, improve the sensitivity of institutions or individuals when sending and processing information, etc. To develop and make good use of intergovernmental political communication mechanism is conducive to China's initiative in shaping Sino-US relations and ensuring the external environment for peaceful development in the period of strategic opportunity. The development of the political communication mechanism between Chinese and American governments enables the two countries to handle the bilateral relations from a strategic perspective, making decisions conducive to serving the overall situation of Sino-US relations, and promoting the stable development of bilateral relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D822.371.2

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