論奧巴馬政府“巧實(shí)力”外交戰(zhàn)略及其對華影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-02 20:46
【摘要】：作為美國第一任黑人總統(tǒng),打著“變革”旗號(hào)上臺(tái)的奧巴馬臨危授命,為恢復(fù)美國衰落中的實(shí)力、解決伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭和阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭、百年一遇的金融危機(jī)以及全球問題三大挑戰(zhàn),對美國的外交政策進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。奧巴馬政府改變了布什政府過度依賴“硬實(shí)力”的外交戰(zhàn)略,實(shí)施強(qiáng)調(diào)接觸與合作,重視國際制度建設(shè)和多邊主義,平衡和整合美國的軟硬實(shí)力,以確保美國國家利益的“巧實(shí)力”外交戰(zhàn)略。 “巧實(shí)力”外交戰(zhàn)略由美國國務(wù)卿希拉里·克林頓于2009年1月13日在參議院外交委員會(huì)正式提出�！扒蓪�(shí)力”戰(zhàn)略,即動(dòng)用一切能動(dòng)用的手段,包括外交、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、法律和文化等領(lǐng)域的可行手段,打開美國外交的新局面。它包含了四層含義：一是實(shí)現(xiàn)利益目標(biāo)的手段和資源利用的綜合性；二是外交戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施的靈活性、有效性；三是實(shí)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的手段的相對變化性；四是外交手段優(yōu)先性�！扒蓪�(shí)力”外交戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)是恢復(fù)美國實(shí)力優(yōu)勢和維持其全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位,強(qiáng)化美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的聯(lián)盟體系,推進(jìn)所謂人權(quán)、民主和自由,以及防范可能挑戰(zhàn)美國利益的新興大國的崛起。 “重返亞洲”是奧巴馬政府“巧實(shí)力”外交戰(zhàn)略的重點(diǎn)之一。中國的快速崛起及作為亞洲地區(qū)最大的新興國家自然成為美國實(shí)施“巧實(shí)力”外交的重點(diǎn)對象。奧巴馬執(zhí)政兩年多來,對華軟硬兼施,一方面尋求中國幫助解決金融危機(jī),要求中國承擔(dān)更多的國際責(zé)任；另一方面又時(shí)刻對中國進(jìn)行防范和阻撓,甚至不惜犧牲中國的核心利益,導(dǎo)致了中美關(guān)系跌宕起伏、險(xiǎn)象環(huán)生。 本研究嘗試在梳理國際關(guān)系實(shí)力理論的內(nèi)涵和發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合當(dāng)前美國面臨的內(nèi)外交困現(xiàn)實(shí)背景,對奧巴馬政府“巧實(shí)力”外交戰(zhàn)略的內(nèi)涵及實(shí)質(zhì)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,探討該戰(zhàn)略對中國的影響并提出應(yīng)對之策。
[Abstract]:As the first black president of the United States, Obama came to power under the banner of "change". In order to restore the strength of the United States in decline, to resolve the three major challenges of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the once-in-a-century financial crisis and global problems, The foreign policy of the United States has been adjusted. The Obama administration has changed the Bush administration's diplomatic strategy of over-relying on "hard power," emphasizing contacts and cooperation, attaching importance to the building of international institutions and multilateralism, and balancing and integrating the soft and hard power of the United States. The diplomatic strategy of "skillful power" to ensure the national interests of the United States. The diplomatic strategy was formally proposed by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 13, 2009. The "smart power" strategy, which uses all available means, including diplomatic, military, economic, political, legal and cultural, opens up a new phase in American diplomacy. It contains four meanings: first, the comprehensive means to achieve the goal of interest and the utilization of resources; second, the flexibility and effectiveness of the implementation of diplomatic strategy; third, the relative variation of the means to achieve the strategic goal; and fourth, the priority of diplomatic means. The goal of the "smart power" diplomatic strategy is to restore the strength of the United States and maintain its global leadership, strengthen the US-led alliance system, and promote so-called human rights, democracy and freedom. And guard against the rise of emerging powers that could challenge American interests. Returning to Asia is one of the priorities of the Obama administration's diplomatic strategy of smart power. The rapid rise of China and its status as the largest emerging country in Asia have naturally become the focus of US diplomacy on smart power. Obama has been in office for more than two years, both hard and soft to China, on the one hand, to seek China's help to resolve the financial crisis, demanding that China assume more international responsibility; On the other hand, the defense and obstruction of China at all times, even at the expense of China's core interests, led to ups and downs of Sino-US relations, dangerous. On the basis of combing the intension and developing thread of the strength theory of international relations, this study attempts to analyze in detail the connotation and essence of the diplomatic strategy of "skillful power" of the Obama administration in combination with the realistic background of domestic and diplomatic difficulties faced by the United States at present. This paper discusses the impact of the strategy on China and puts forward countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D822.371.2
本文編號(hào)：2306904
[Abstract]:As the first black president of the United States, Obama came to power under the banner of "change". In order to restore the strength of the United States in decline, to resolve the three major challenges of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the once-in-a-century financial crisis and global problems, The foreign policy of the United States has been adjusted. The Obama administration has changed the Bush administration's diplomatic strategy of over-relying on "hard power," emphasizing contacts and cooperation, attaching importance to the building of international institutions and multilateralism, and balancing and integrating the soft and hard power of the United States. The diplomatic strategy of "skillful power" to ensure the national interests of the United States. The diplomatic strategy was formally proposed by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 13, 2009. The "smart power" strategy, which uses all available means, including diplomatic, military, economic, political, legal and cultural, opens up a new phase in American diplomacy. It contains four meanings: first, the comprehensive means to achieve the goal of interest and the utilization of resources; second, the flexibility and effectiveness of the implementation of diplomatic strategy; third, the relative variation of the means to achieve the strategic goal; and fourth, the priority of diplomatic means. The goal of the "smart power" diplomatic strategy is to restore the strength of the United States and maintain its global leadership, strengthen the US-led alliance system, and promote so-called human rights, democracy and freedom. And guard against the rise of emerging powers that could challenge American interests. Returning to Asia is one of the priorities of the Obama administration's diplomatic strategy of smart power. The rapid rise of China and its status as the largest emerging country in Asia have naturally become the focus of US diplomacy on smart power. Obama has been in office for more than two years, both hard and soft to China, on the one hand, to seek China's help to resolve the financial crisis, demanding that China assume more international responsibility; On the other hand, the defense and obstruction of China at all times, even at the expense of China's core interests, led to ups and downs of Sino-US relations, dangerous. On the basis of combing the intension and developing thread of the strength theory of international relations, this study attempts to analyze in detail the connotation and essence of the diplomatic strategy of "skillful power" of the Obama administration in combination with the realistic background of domestic and diplomatic difficulties faced by the United States at present. This paper discusses the impact of the strategy on China and puts forward countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;D822.371.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條
1 王海婷;奧巴馬政府“巧實(shí)力”戰(zhàn)略及其對中國的影響[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年
2 劉璐;希拉里外交理念與“巧實(shí)力”外交[D];外交學(xué)院;2012年
3 朱瑋瓊;試析奧巴馬政府東亞“巧實(shí)力”外交[D];外交學(xué)院;2012年
4 郝甜甜;“巧權(quán)力”與中國和平發(fā)展的外交戰(zhàn)略[D];燕山大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2306904
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