【摘要】：國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散機(jī)制是指國(guó)際社會(huì)為防止核擴(kuò)散、推動(dòng)核裁軍和核軍控而制訂的所有國(guó)家與國(guó)際的法律、條約、協(xié)定和所成立的機(jī)構(gòu)的總和。該機(jī)制正式形成的標(biāo)志是1968年《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》(NPT)的簽訂,經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)十年不斷發(fā)展完善,目前已經(jīng)形成一套以《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》為基石、國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)為主要執(zhí)行保障機(jī)構(gòu)、包含一系列相關(guān)條約和組織機(jī)構(gòu)的完整機(jī)制。國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散機(jī)制的特點(diǎn)是廣泛性、有效性、不公正性和不完備性。該機(jī)制在控制和減少核武器國(guó)家數(shù)量、促進(jìn)原子能的和平利用方面發(fā)揮了重要作用,為維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界和平穩(wěn)定做出了積極貢獻(xiàn);但該機(jī)制從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)具有不公正性,一些法律條約內(nèi)容和組織機(jī)構(gòu)職能也有待完善。對(duì)于國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散機(jī)制,中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了全面抵制、部分參與到全面參與的過(guò)程,這是中國(guó)的國(guó)家利益決定的,是不同時(shí)期國(guó)際體系結(jié)構(gòu)、國(guó)際體系進(jìn)程、國(guó)家安全觀念等眾多因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。中國(guó)參與國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散機(jī)制取得了巨大成就,保障了國(guó)家安全利益,樹立了良好的國(guó)際形象,擴(kuò)大了參與國(guó)際機(jī)制的途徑,增加了參與國(guó)際事務(wù)可利用的資源。同時(shí),中國(guó)也面臨著一些挑戰(zhàn),如在機(jī)制中的話語(yǔ)權(quán)不足,危害國(guó)家利益的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)依然存在,超級(jí)大國(guó)利用核不擴(kuò)散問(wèn)題推行霸權(quán)主義等。未來(lái)在參與機(jī)制的過(guò)程中,中國(guó)需要增加在機(jī)制內(nèi)的話語(yǔ)權(quán),處理好國(guó)家利益和國(guó)際義務(wù)的關(guān)系,防范超級(jí)大國(guó)推行雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和霸權(quán)主義,從而更好地維護(hù)中國(guó)的國(guó)家利益和全人類的共同利益。
[Abstract]:The international nuclear non-proliferation regime refers to the sum of all national and international laws, treaties, agreements and institutions established by the international community to prevent nuclear proliferation and promote nuclear disarmament and arms control. The official symbol of this mechanism is the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons (NPT) in 1968. After decades of continuous development and improvement, it has now formed a set of building blocks based on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the main safeguards enforcement agency and includes a full range of relevant treaties and institutional mechanisms. The international nuclear non-proliferation regime is characterized by universality, effectiveness, injustice and incompleteness. This mechanism has played an important role in controlling and reducing the number of nuclear-weapon States and promoting the peaceful use of atomic energy, and has made positive contributions to the maintenance of regional and world peace and stability; However, the mechanism is essentially unfair, and some legal treaty contents and organizational functions need to be improved. With regard to the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, China has experienced an overall boycott and partially participated in the process of full participation. This is determined by China's national interests. It is the structure of the international system and the process of the international system at different times. The result of the combined action of many factors, such as the concept of national security. China's participation in the international nuclear non-proliferation regime has made great achievements, guaranteed the interests of national security, established a good international image, expanded the channels for participation in international mechanisms, and increased the resources available for participation in international affairs. At the same time, China is also faced with some challenges, such as the lack of voice in the mechanism, the risk of harming the national interests still exists, the superpower uses the nuclear non-proliferation issue to promote hegemonism and so on. In the future, in the process of participating in the mechanism, China needs to increase its voice in the mechanism, handle the relationship between national interests and international obligations, and guard against the implementation of double standards and hegemonism by the superpowers. In order to better safeguard China's national interests and the common interests of all mankind.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D815.2;D822

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