【摘要】：新興大國的崛起是21世紀(jì)世界形勢發(fā)生的重要變化之一。新興大國的發(fā)展以及和美國之間的互動關(guān)系將極大的影響著未來世界形勢的走向。近年來，美國的實力相對減弱，新興國家實力相對上升，特別是金融危機(jī)后，美國對世界的控制力明顯下降，影響力受到削弱，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力受到質(zhì)疑。與之形成鮮明對比的是新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的異軍突起，如中國、俄羅斯、印度、巴西、南非、墨西哥、土耳其、韓國、印尼等。它們在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的同時，越來越多的參與國際事務(wù)，對美國的世界大國地位構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。 考慮到世界大勢的變化及新興大國的崛起，美國不斷調(diào)整自身的戰(zhàn)略思想，強(qiáng)調(diào)21世紀(jì)美國的治國理念在于創(chuàng)新，在于將傳統(tǒng)的外交方式融入美國的高新科技之中，更在于美國將外交和發(fā)展作為國家戰(zhàn)略的重中之重，加強(qiáng)“民事力量”，構(gòu)建伙伴關(guān)系網(wǎng)，，建立以美國為中心的多伙伴世界。通過與新興大國構(gòu)建所謂的伙伴關(guān)系，約束新興大國的行為，分而治之，在與新興大國的互動中掌握主導(dǎo)權(quán)。 中國在眾多新興大國中地位特殊，發(fā)展迅速，戰(zhàn)略地位重要，因而在美國的新興大國戰(zhàn)略中居于核心位置。美國應(yīng)對新興大國整體戰(zhàn)略的成功很大程度上取決于對華戰(zhàn)略的成功。雖然美國宣稱要建立一種“積極、合作、全面的中美關(guān)系”，但中美關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性和美國的戰(zhàn)略訴求決定了美國對華戰(zhàn)略將呈現(xiàn)出更加復(fù)雜、更加多元化的特征。事實上，美國正從多個層次上逐漸形成對華戰(zhàn)略的新模式。
[Abstract]:The rise of emerging powers is one of the most important changes in the world situation in the 21 st century. The development of emerging powers and interaction with the United States will greatly affect the future of the world situation. In recent years, the United States has been relatively weak and emerging countries relatively stronger. Especially after the financial crisis, the United States' control over the world has declined significantly, its influence has been weakened, and its leadership has been questioned. In contrast, emerging economies such as China, Russia, India, Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, Turkey, South Korea and Indonesia are emerging. At the same time of rapid economic development, they are more and more involved in international affairs, which challenges the status of the United States as a world power. Considering the changes in the world trend and the rise of emerging powers, the United States has constantly adjusted its own strategic thinking and stressed that the United States' concept of governing the country in the 21st century lies in innovation and the integration of traditional diplomatic methods into the United States' high and new technologies, More importantly, the United States regards diplomacy and development as the top priority of its national strategy, strengthens its "civil power", builds up a network of partnerships, and establishes a multi-partner world centered on the United States. Through the establishment of the so-called partnership with the emerging powers, the behavior of the emerging powers is restrained, separated and ruled, and the dominant power is grasped in the interaction with the emerging powers. China has a special position in many emerging powers, developing rapidly and playing an important strategic role, so it occupies the core position in the emerging great power strategy of the United States. The success of America's overall strategy for emerging powers largely depends on the success of its strategy towards China. Although the United States claims to establish a "positive, cooperative and comprehensive Sino-US relationship," the complexity of Sino-US relations and the strategic appeal of the United States determine that the United States strategy towards China will be more complex and diversified. As a matter of fact, the United States is gradually forming a new pattern of strategy towards China at many levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D871.2

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