【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)后期,國際形勢變幻莫測,在國際社會(huì)中由于美國的強(qiáng)勢及蘇聯(lián)的霸權(quán)行為不得人心,致使蘇聯(lián)處于劣勢。加之,蘇聯(lián)國內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)及制度困境,使得蘇聯(lián)在全球范圍內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)入戰(zhàn)略收縮,逐漸丟失了包括阿富汗在內(nèi)的世界各地的戰(zhàn)略要地。1989年2月15日,最后一批蘇聯(lián)軍隊(duì)撤出阿富汗。蘇聯(lián)撤出阿富汗給南亞地區(qū)的局勢帶來了轉(zhuǎn)機(jī),南亞局勢的變化給南亞各國的發(fā)展帶來新的機(jī)遇。巴基斯坦這個(gè)南亞重要國家的外交也因國際局勢的變遷,尤其是南亞地區(qū)局勢的變化而發(fā)生了一些微妙的變化。冷戰(zhàn)后,巴基斯坦雖然政權(quán)更迭頻繁——從貝·布托到現(xiàn)在的扎爾達(dá)里執(zhí)政,從家族式政權(quán)到軍人干政——但其外交政策卻保持了相當(dāng)高的一致性。其外交政策根據(jù)變化了的國際形勢及國家戰(zhàn)略需要而做出細(xì)微的調(diào)整。以“9·11”事件為界,巴基斯坦的外交政策基本保持平穩(wěn),但也做了部分調(diào)整以適應(yīng)國際局勢及國家利益的需要�？傮w上,雖經(jīng)國際變幻,巴基斯坦對華外交政策以鞏固深化全天候的伙伴關(guān)系為基調(diào);與美國關(guān)系跌宕起伏變化比較大,因此巴對美外交政策也做了相應(yīng)調(diào)整,經(jīng)歷了從不結(jié)盟到反恐戰(zhàn)爭合作;對其宿敵印度外交政策雖然開始調(diào)整,但兩國關(guān)系友好的前景尚不明朗;對穆斯林國家外交政策以維持友好團(tuán)結(jié)為主,擴(kuò)展其戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟及縱深;而與包括英國在內(nèi)的西方國家的關(guān)系在一定程度上受美國因素的影響,有較大的變化,但其外交政策則是改善和加強(qiáng)同這些國家的關(guān)系。冷戰(zhàn)后的巴基斯坦外交政策受到了美國、地區(qū)以及國內(nèi)等因素的影響。
[Abstract]:In the late Cold War, the international situation was unpredictable, and the Soviet Union was at a disadvantage in the international community because of the unpopularity of the United States and the hegemonic behavior of the Soviet Union. In addition, the economic and institutional difficulties in the Soviet Union made the Soviet Union shift into strategic contraction on a global scale and gradually lost strategic locations all over the world, including Afghanistan. On February 15, 1989, the last batch of Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan. The withdrawal of the Soviet Union from Afghanistan has brought about a turnaround in the situation in South Asia, and the changes in the situation in South Asia have brought new opportunities to the development of the countries in South Asia. The diplomacy of Pakistan, an important country in South Asia, has undergone some subtle changes as a result of the changes in the international situation, especially in South Asia. After the cold war, Pakistan's foreign policy remained fairly consistent, despite frequent regime changes-from Bhutto to today's Zardari, from a family-style regime to military intervention. Its foreign policy has been fine-tuned in response to changing international and national strategic needs. Pakistan's foreign policy has remained basically stable in line with the events of September 11, but it has also made some adjustments to meet the needs of the international situation and national interests. In general, despite international changes, Pakistan's foreign policy towards China is based on consolidating and deepening its all-weather partnership; and its relations with the United States have experienced relatively large ups and downs, so Pakistan's foreign policy towards the United States has also been adjusted accordingly. Having experienced from non-alignment to cooperation in the war on terror; although the foreign policy of India, its old enemy, has begun to adjust, the prospects for friendly relations between the two countries are still unclear; and the foreign policy towards Muslim countries is mainly about maintaining friendly unity. Expanding its strategic alliance and depth, and its relations with Western countries, including Britain, are influenced by American factors to some extent, but its foreign policy is to improve and strengthen its relations with these countries. Pakistan's foreign policy after the cold war was influenced by American, regional and domestic factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D835.3

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