冷戰(zhàn)時期美國反共主義的實踐及其根源研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-10 06:07
【摘要】： 反共主義即以反對共產(chǎn)主義為宗旨的主義,它是一種政治意識形態(tài),其特征是在理論上或在實踐上反對共產(chǎn)主義意識形態(tài)、組織或政府。反共主義在美國有一個漫長的歷史演變過程。早在19世紀70年代,美國就出現(xiàn)了反共主義的萌芽。自此以后,反共主義在美國一直存在,尤其是在有了蘇聯(lián)這一現(xiàn)實的社會主義政權(quán)之后,美國的反共主義更加嚴重,冷戰(zhàn)期間尤甚。論文研究的主題即是冷戰(zhàn)期間美國反共主義的實踐及其根源,試圖通過研究揭示冷戰(zhàn)期間兩種制度對立的根源。 論文的主要內(nèi)容如下。第一章從歷史的角度敘述了反共主義在美國的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展。19世紀70年代,反共主義在美國出現(xiàn)萌芽,當時主要是以反對美國所認為的包括共產(chǎn)主義在內(nèi)的激進主義為主；巴黎公社革命后,美國出現(xiàn)了第一次反共主義的實踐；十月革命后,美國出現(xiàn)了第二次反共主義的實踐；而到了冷戰(zhàn)期間,美國反共主義的實踐則滲透到了政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等領(lǐng)域,呈現(xiàn)出全方位的反共主義的特點。 二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,隨著東歐、亞洲等一批社會主義國家的出現(xiàn),美國的反共主義不僅表現(xiàn)在其國內(nèi)出現(xiàn)反共、反民主現(xiàn)象,而且突出表現(xiàn)在美國對社會主義國家的外交政策之上。第二章著重論述了冷戰(zhàn)期間美國在政治、經(jīng)濟和文化領(lǐng)域里的反共主義實踐。其中政治領(lǐng)域里的反共主義實踐包括外交和內(nèi)政領(lǐng)域里的反共主義實踐；經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域里的反共主義實踐包括經(jīng)濟封鎖與貿(mào)易禁運、實行制裁與對外援助；文化領(lǐng)域里的反共主義實踐包括新聞界、教會和好萊塢的反共宣傳。 美國反共主義的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展有深刻的根源,第三章即研究了美國反共主義的根源。論文認為,除了社會主義和資本主義這兩種社會制度和意識形態(tài)的不同以及美國特有的民族文化背景之外,一些反共主義形成與發(fā)展的若干促動因素,如社會主義國家的反美宣傳及政策失誤等一些也為美國反共主義的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件。 冷戰(zhàn)時期美國的反共主義活動給社會主義國家造成了一個惡劣的政治經(jīng)濟及輿論環(huán)境,影響著社會主義國家的形象。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,美國的反共主義并沒有消失,而是以其他形式表現(xiàn)出來。正確認識和把握美國的反共主義歷史,對于正確認識和把握美國對社會主義國家的政策,對于在全球化的今天,如何處理好全球化條件下社會主義和資本主義國家之間的關(guān)系等,有著理論和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Anti-Communism is a kind of political ideology with the aim of opposing communism. Its characteristic is to oppose communist ideology, organization or government in theory or in practice. Anti-Communism in the United States has a long history of evolution. As early as the 1870s, the United States appeared the germination of anti-Communism. Since then, anti-communism has existed in the United States, especially after the Soviet Union, the reality of the socialist regime, the United States more serious anti-communism, especially during the cold war. The theme of this paper is the practice of American anti-communism during the Cold War and its root causes, and attempts to reveal the root causes of the antagonism between the two systems during the Cold War. The main contents of the paper are as follows. The first chapter describes the emergence and development of anti-Communism in the United States from the historical point of view. In the 1870s, anti-Communism sprout in the United States, at that time it was mainly opposed to the radicalism of the United States, including communism. After the Paris Commune Revolution, the first anti-Communist practice took place in the United States; after the October Revolution, there was a second anti-Communist practice in the United States; and during the Cold War, the anti-Communist practice in the United States permeated politics and economy. Culture and other fields, showing all-around anti-communist characteristics. After World War II, with the emergence of a number of socialist countries such as Eastern Europe and Asia, the anti-communist doctrine of the United States was not only manifested in its domestic anti-Communist and anti-democratic phenomena, but also in the foreign policy of the United States towards the socialist countries. The second chapter focuses on American anti-communist practice in the political, economic and cultural fields during the Cold War. The anti-Communist practice in the political field includes the anti-Communist practice in the field of diplomacy and internal affairs, the anti-Communist practice in the economic field includes the economic blockade and trade embargo, the implementation of sanctions and foreign aid. Anti-communist practices in the cultural field include the press, church and Hollywood anti-communist propaganda. The origin and development of American anti-Communism have deep roots. The third chapter studies the origin of American anti-Communism. In addition to the differences between socialist and capitalist social systems and ideologies, as well as the unique national cultural background of the United States, the paper holds that there are some driving factors for the formation and development of anti-communism. Such as anti-American propaganda and policy mistakes in socialist countries have also created conditions for the emergence and development of anti-communism in the United States. The anti-Communist activities of the United States during the cold war caused a bad political economy and public opinion environment to the socialist countries and affected the image of the socialist countries. At the end of the cold war, American anti-Communism did not disappear, but took other forms. To correctly understand and grasp the history of anti-communism in the United States, to correctly understand and grasp the policy of the United States towards socialist countries, and to the present day of globalization, How to deal with the relationship between socialism and capitalist countries under the condition of globalization has theoretical and practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2
本文編號：2260921
[Abstract]:Anti-Communism is a kind of political ideology with the aim of opposing communism. Its characteristic is to oppose communist ideology, organization or government in theory or in practice. Anti-Communism in the United States has a long history of evolution. As early as the 1870s, the United States appeared the germination of anti-Communism. Since then, anti-communism has existed in the United States, especially after the Soviet Union, the reality of the socialist regime, the United States more serious anti-communism, especially during the cold war. The theme of this paper is the practice of American anti-communism during the Cold War and its root causes, and attempts to reveal the root causes of the antagonism between the two systems during the Cold War. The main contents of the paper are as follows. The first chapter describes the emergence and development of anti-Communism in the United States from the historical point of view. In the 1870s, anti-Communism sprout in the United States, at that time it was mainly opposed to the radicalism of the United States, including communism. After the Paris Commune Revolution, the first anti-Communist practice took place in the United States; after the October Revolution, there was a second anti-Communist practice in the United States; and during the Cold War, the anti-Communist practice in the United States permeated politics and economy. Culture and other fields, showing all-around anti-communist characteristics. After World War II, with the emergence of a number of socialist countries such as Eastern Europe and Asia, the anti-communist doctrine of the United States was not only manifested in its domestic anti-Communist and anti-democratic phenomena, but also in the foreign policy of the United States towards the socialist countries. The second chapter focuses on American anti-communist practice in the political, economic and cultural fields during the Cold War. The anti-Communist practice in the political field includes the anti-Communist practice in the field of diplomacy and internal affairs, the anti-Communist practice in the economic field includes the economic blockade and trade embargo, the implementation of sanctions and foreign aid. Anti-communist practices in the cultural field include the press, church and Hollywood anti-communist propaganda. The origin and development of American anti-Communism have deep roots. The third chapter studies the origin of American anti-Communism. In addition to the differences between socialist and capitalist social systems and ideologies, as well as the unique national cultural background of the United States, the paper holds that there are some driving factors for the formation and development of anti-communism. Such as anti-American propaganda and policy mistakes in socialist countries have also created conditions for the emergence and development of anti-communism in the United States. The anti-Communist activities of the United States during the cold war caused a bad political economy and public opinion environment to the socialist countries and affected the image of the socialist countries. At the end of the cold war, American anti-Communism did not disappear, but took other forms. To correctly understand and grasp the history of anti-communism in the United States, to correctly understand and grasp the policy of the United States towards socialist countries, and to the present day of globalization, How to deal with the relationship between socialism and capitalist countries under the condition of globalization has theoretical and practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D871.2
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