【摘要】：對外援助是研究美國對外關(guān)系的有力視角。本文主要是從美國對南越援助的角度考察戰(zhàn)后美國對越南的政策與戰(zhàn)爭。論文由四章組成,第一章論述了冷戰(zhàn)與美國對南越援助緣起的關(guān)系,認為冷戰(zhàn)不僅催生了戰(zhàn)后美國對外援助的高潮,而且直接影響了美國對越南的政策與援助。第二章論述了從艾森豪威爾政府時期到尼克松政府時期長達20年的美國對南越援助的進程,也是日內(nèi)瓦會議之后,美國通過援助方式在越南南方扶植吳庭艷建立反共的越南共和國(南越)政權(quán),不斷深入干涉越南的內(nèi)部事務,并最終將美國拖入越南戰(zhàn)場,結(jié)果以失敗告終的過程。第三章分析了美國對南越援助的動因,認為冷戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)對美國對南越援助具有根本性的作用,民主輸出的需要、維持南越政權(quán)存在目標以及中蘇對北越的援助也都不同程度刺激著美國對南越的援助行為。第四章分析了美國對南越援助對援助國與受援國產(chǎn)生的影響,認為美國不僅未實現(xiàn)其戰(zhàn)略目標,反而深陷越南泥潭,耗費了巨大的成本,削弱了政治經(jīng)濟實力,導致了社會的割裂,而南越這個國家隨著西貢的解放也被歷史所掩埋。 最后,文章在全景式勾畫了美國對南越援助的緣起、過程、動因、影響之后,對美國對南越的援助政策進行了評價,認為美國并未實現(xiàn)其援助的目標,援助政策是失敗的,并得出了援助國和受援國應該平等互利共贏的啟示。
[Abstract]:Foreign aid is a powerful perspective in the study of American foreign relations. This paper mainly examines the postwar American policy and war on Vietnam from the point of view of American aid to South Vietnam. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter discusses the relationship between the Cold War and the origin of American aid to South Vietnam, and holds that the Cold War not only gave birth to the climax of American foreign aid after the war, but also directly affected the policy and aid of the United States to Vietnam. The second chapter discusses the 20 years of American aid to South Vietnam from the Eisenhower administration to the Nixon administration, also after the Geneva Conference. By means of aid, the United States established the anti-Communist Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) regime in the south of Vietnam, interfered deeply in Vietnam's internal affairs, and eventually dragged the United States into the Vietnam battlefield, resulting in a failed process. The third chapter analyzes the causes of American aid to South Vietnam, and holds that the outbreak of the Cold War has a fundamental effect on US aid to South Vietnam, and the need for democratic exports. The goal of maintaining the regime in South Vietnam and the aid provided by China and Soviet Union to North Vietnam also stimulate American aid to South Vietnam to varying degrees. The fourth chapter analyzes the impact of American aid to South Vietnam on both donor and recipient countries, and concludes that the United States has not only failed to achieve its strategic objectives, but also has been mired in Vietnam's quagmire, consuming huge costs and weakening its political and economic strength. The country was buried in history with the liberation of Saigon. Finally, after describing the origin, process, motivation and influence of American aid to South Vietnam in a panoramic way, the article evaluates the US aid policy to South Vietnam, and concludes that the United States has not achieved its aid goal and the aid policy has failed. And draw the inspiration that donors and recipients should be equal, mutual benefit and win-win.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2

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本文編號：2235049