【摘要】：進入21世紀,全球氣候變暖已是有目共睹的事實。氣候變化所導致的氣溫升高、海平面上升、極端天氣等氣候問題,對自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類的生存環(huán)境都產(chǎn)生了嚴重影響。氣候變化問題不僅對個人生活會造成危害,而且一個國家的生存和發(fā)展也會產(chǎn)生重大的威脅。如今,氣候問題已經(jīng)深刻影響到國際社會的方方面面,并且有重塑國際政治格局的大勢所趨。因此,氣候變化所引發(fā)的種種問題已成為當今國際社會亟待解決的重大問題。 氣候問題在經(jīng)濟全球化的推動之下,業(yè)已超出了自然科學領域,成為具有高度政治性的國際關系議題。氣候外交作為一種嶄新的外交形勢,隨著全球氣候危機加劇而得到興起和發(fā)展,國際社會以及各個國家為了應對氣候變化,減緩氣候危機加劇而進行了多種外交活動。 南非在當今國際社會上,是一個具有代表性的國家,其在國際社會中的地位和影響力日益提高,在非洲大陸各國中更是擁有舉足輕重的國際地位。氣候變化在非洲的影響是最大的,非洲國家對這個問題需要爭取更多的權(quán)益和保障。作為非洲最具影響力的國家之一,南非積極應對氣候變化,積極開展氣候合作,南非的氣候外交行為為推動全球氣候外交發(fā)揮著重要作用。但是南非在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和氣候保護方面處于兩難的困境,因此面臨著來自國際、國內(nèi)社會巨大的輿論壓力。氣候變化對南非國家安全的影響方面包括：水資源匱乏帶來的糧食安全和健康問題增加社會的脆弱性、保護環(huán)境節(jié)能減排與發(fā)展經(jīng)濟之間的矛盾等。另外,南非氣候外交面臨的挑戰(zhàn)方面,又有復雜的社會結(jié)構(gòu)、能源結(jié)構(gòu)、市民社會、體制環(huán)境制約等國內(nèi)壓力,以及同“基礎四國”伙伴之間的分歧、與發(fā)達國家的壓力的外部影響因素等等。除了遇到的問題和挑戰(zhàn),南非在氣候外交的歷程中也收獲了不少經(jīng)驗和成就,尤其是2011年德班氣候大會的成功召開,顯示著南非在氣候外交所做的努力和貢獻,并且在這一領域逐漸走向成熟。南非的經(jīng)驗教訓和成就對其他國家尤其是中國有著深刻的啟示作用,在借鑒與學習方面都值得深思和研究。 本篇論文一共分為五部分。第一部分是導論。第二部分用定性分析和歷史研究的方法,對氣候外交的概念、特點、動因等基本概況一一闡明,并詳盡解釋了氣候變化問題轉(zhuǎn)向氣候外交的進程,分析全球氣候外交興起的動因,以及當前全球范圍內(nèi)各個國家的氣候外交概況。 第三部分用歷史研究方法闡述了南非氣候外交興起的原因,以及南非在應對氣候變化的行動進程中所面對的難題,探討在應對全球氣候問題的國際合作中,以南非參與全球氣候外交的歷程和成就為主要研究內(nèi)容。由于氣候危機加劇,南非面臨淡水資源供應緊張、人畜健康受到威脅、生物多樣性遭受威脅等危機,南非政府在國內(nèi)外采取了一系列措施來應對挑戰(zhàn),在國內(nèi)頒布相關的環(huán)境保護法規(guī)；在國際上積極參與世界氣候大會,加強與他國的合作。 第四部分分析了南非氣候外交面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。氣候變化對南非的國家安全造成的影響,如水資源匱乏導致的糧食安全以及節(jié)能減排與發(fā)展經(jīng)濟之間的矛盾,以及開展氣候外交所遭遇的國內(nèi)外的壓力。 第五部分就南非氣候外交的問題做出了分析和展望。要應對氣候外交中的種種問題和挑戰(zhàn),南非需要以非洲為發(fā)展的立足點,在加強南南合作的同時也要強化歐美發(fā)達國家的關系,更重要的是,要帶領非洲國家和聯(lián)合其他廣大發(fā)展中國家一起,在全球氣候談判的舞臺上爭取氣候話語權(quán),樹立國家形象,增強國際地位。最后,通過分析南非在氣候外交上所取得的成就,對比分析南非與中國的共同點,就南非和中國之間在進行氣候外交展開合理性展望。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, global warming has become an obvious fact. Climate change caused by temperature rise, sea level rise, extreme weather and other climatic problems, have a serious impact on the natural ecosystem and human living environment. Climate change not only endangers the lives of individuals, but also the survival of a country and the environment. Development also poses a major threat. Today, climate issues have a profound impact on all aspects of the international community, and there is a trend to reshape the international political landscape. Therefore, the problems caused by climate change have become an urgent issue for the international community to solve.
Under the impetus of economic globalization, climate issues have gone beyond the natural sciences and become a highly political issue in international relations. As a new diplomatic situation, climate diplomacy has risen and developed with the intensification of the global climate crisis. In order to cope with climate change and mitigate climate change, the international community and all countries have to deal with it. The crisis intensified and a variety of diplomatic activities took place.
South Africa is a representative country in today's international community, and its status and influence in the international community is increasing. It is also a pivotal international position in the countries of the African continent. One of the most influential countries in Africa, South Africa actively responds to climate change and cooperates in climate change. South Africa's climate diplomacy plays an important role in promoting global climate diplomacy. The impacts of climate change on South Africa's national security include: food security and health problems caused by water scarcity increase social vulnerability, the contradiction between environmental protection, energy conservation, emission reduction and economic development, etc. In addition to the problems and challenges encountered, South Africa has also gained a lot of experience and achievements in the process of climate diplomacy, especially the successful convening of the Durban Climate Conference in 2011, which shows that South Africa is in the process of climate diplomacy. The efforts and contributions of climate diplomacy have gradually matured in this field. The lessons and achievements of South Africa have a profound enlightenment to other countries, especially China, and are worth pondering and studying.
This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is an introduction. The second part expounds the basic concepts, characteristics and motivations of climate diplomacy by means of qualitative analysis and historical research, and explains in detail the process of climate change turning to climate diplomacy, analyzes the reasons for the rise of global climate diplomacy and the current global norms. Overview of climate diplomacy in various countries.
The third part expounds the reasons for the rise of South Africa's climate diplomacy and the difficulties faced by South Africa in the process of action to tackle climate change with the method of historical research. The South African government has taken a series of measures at home and abroad to meet the challenges, promulgated relevant environmental protection laws and regulations at home, and actively participated in the World Climate Conference and strengthened cooperation with other countries.
The fourth part analyzes the challenges facing South Africa's climate diplomacy.
The fifth part makes an analysis and outlook on South Africa's climate diplomacy. To cope with the various problems and challenges in climate diplomacy, South Africa needs to take Africa as a foothold for development, strengthen the relations between the developed countries in Europe and America while strengthening South-South cooperation, and, more importantly, lead African countries and unite with other developing countries. Finally, through the analysis of South Africa's achievements in climate diplomacy, the common ground between South Africa and China is compared and analyzed, and the rationality of climate diplomacy between South Africa and China is prospected.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D847.8;X2

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 張琳;南非應對氣候變化問題的政策研究[D];華中師范大學;2013年

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本文編號：2192245