【摘要】： 改革開放三十年來,中國以經(jīng)濟改革為標(biāo)志的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得了顯著成就,綜合國力大幅提升,中國崛起已經(jīng)成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢。2003年11月3日,時任中國改革開放論壇理事長的鄭必堅在博鰲亞洲論壇上做了題為《中國和平崛起新道路和亞洲的未來》的講演。鄭必堅認(rèn)為,在今天新的時代條件下,中國只能選擇奮力和平崛起,即爭取和平的國際環(huán)境來發(fā)展自己,又以自己的發(fā)展來維護(hù)世界和平。國家主席胡錦濤與國務(wù)院總理溫家寶也在不同場合闡述了“和平崛起”的理念與要義。 然而,隨著中國國力的不斷提升和國際影響的擴大,“對中國日益興起的民族主義情緒感到擔(dān)憂”成為世界輿論的熱門話題,也成為一些國家解讀“中國威脅論”的有力證佐。誠然,“伴隨著中國的崛起,中國人的國民意識和精神狀態(tài)也處在自主或不自主的轉(zhuǎn)變過程中,民族主義思潮的重新泛起具有歷史的必然性。而且基于“歷史情結(jié)”和現(xiàn)實的假設(shè),并不成熟的屬于社會心理層面的中國民族主義思潮具有不可否認(rèn)的“大國主義”以及“防日”、“抗美”、“反西方”等指向,這必然有狹隘的一面”。 上世紀(jì)九十年代中國的民族主義思潮開始興起,“第一波是90年代初以何新的種種反西方言論為代表;第二波是一九九四年以來,以張頤武、陳曉明的后殖民文化批評、甘陽、崔之元的制度創(chuàng)新說和盛洪的文明比較論為代表;而《中國可以說不》可以說是反西方主義的第三波。”國內(nèi)學(xué)者陳學(xué)明指出：“1990年—1995年為民族主義的醞釀期、1995年——2001年為民族主義的第一個高潮、2002年—2005年則為其又一個高潮�！笨梢哉f,中國和平崛起的提出促進(jìn)了中國民族主義思潮又一個高潮的到來。2008年圍繞西藏問題、汶川地震和北京奧運會,民族主義思潮進(jìn)一步高漲�！安鬲殹�,“臺獨”在內(nèi)的民族分裂活動產(chǎn)生的以國家認(rèn)同為基礎(chǔ)的民族主義情緒的抬頭為世界所矚目；汶川地震彰顯了理性民族主義中的愛國主義精神；而奧運會的舉辦又喚醒中國人積壓心頭已久的“強國之夢”。值得一提的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)由于其方便和快捷等優(yōu)勢,成為民眾情緒化的表達(dá)、政治參與和中國民族主義蔓延的一個廣闊的平臺。但應(yīng)該注意的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上形成了一種令人擔(dān)憂的現(xiàn)象,情緒極端者的聲音越來越大,激進(jìn)成了主流,民族主義的情緒有走向偏激的危險。 對于中國民族主義的持續(xù)升溫,“中國政府總的看來還是非常冷靜和務(wù)實的,推行了理性民族主義”。中國政府明白,中國和平崛起需要民族精神的支撐,而民族主義是一把雙刃劍。如果是在愛國主義的框架里,它可以是一種強大的、團(tuán)結(jié)和鼓舞人的力量。而另一方面,狹隘的民族主義可以讓國人認(rèn)為自己比其他國家的人民優(yōu)越,而教化國人仇恨、輕視其他民族,這樣的民族主義是非常具有破壞性的,對中國的和平崛起進(jìn)程也會是一種災(zāi)難性的影響。中國選擇和平的崛起,不僅為中國的崛起奠定了道義、倫理和正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ),也說明中國政府希望培養(yǎng)的是中國民眾在愛國主義下的理性的民族主義。對于中國如何處理和平崛起與從中產(chǎn)生的中國民族主義之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,也將是整個中國在和平崛起的道路上需要面對的問題。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in its modernization drive marked by economic reform. China's rise has become an irreversible trend. On November 3, 2003, Zheng Bijian, then chairman of the China Reform and Opening Forum, made a speech at the Boao Forum on Asia entitled "A New Road for China's Peaceful Rise" Zheng Bijian believes that in the new era, China can only choose to strive for peaceful rise, that is, strive for a peaceful international environment to develop itself and maintain world peace with its own development. Ideas and essentials.
However, with the continuous improvement of China's power and the expansion of its international influence, "worrying about the rising nationalist sentiment in China" has become a hot topic of world public opinion, and has become a powerful proof for some countries to interpret the "China threat theory". In the process of self-determination or self-determination, the revival of nationalism has historical inevitability, and on the basis of "historical complex" and realistic assumptions, the immature Chinese nationalism, which belongs to the social and psychological level, has undeniable "big power" and "anti-Japanese", "anti-American" and "anti-Western" ideological trends. Pointing to "Fang" and so forth, this is bound to have a narrow side.
The nationalist trend of thought in China began to rise in the 1990s. The first wave was represented by the new anti-Western speeches in the early 1990s. The second wave was represented by Zhang Yiwu, Chen Xiaoming's post-colonial cultural criticism, Ganyang, Cui Zhiyuan's system innovation theory and Sheng Hong's comparative theory of civilization since 1994. It can be said that the proposal of China's peaceful rise has promoted the trend of Chinese nationalism. The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games witnessed a further upsurge in nationalism. The rise of nationalist sentiments based on national identity generated by ethnic separatist activities such as "Tibetan independence" and "Taiwan independence" has attracted worldwide attention. The Wenchuan Earthquake has highlighted the rational nationalism in China. It is worth mentioning that the Internet has become a broad platform for people's emotional expression, political participation and the spread of Chinese nationalism because of its convenience and rapidity. It is a worrying phenomenon that the voices of the emotional extremists are growing louder and louder, that radicalism is becoming the mainstream, and that nationalist sentiment is in danger of going to extremes.
The Chinese government understands that China's peaceful rise needs the support of the national spirit, and nationalism is a double-edged sword. If it is within the framework of patriotism, it can be a strong, United force. On the other hand, narrow nationalism can make people think that they are superior to the people of other countries, while enlightening people to hate and despise other peoples. Such nationalism is very destructive and will have a disastrous impact on China's peaceful rise process. It not only lays a moral, ethical and legitimate foundation for China's rise, but also shows that the Chinese government hopes to cultivate the rational nationalism of the Chinese people under patriotism. Problems that need to be faced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D820

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李保國;林伯海;;當(dāng)代中國民族主義研究綜述[J];西南交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2011年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李保國;馬克思主義視域中的當(dāng)代中國民族主義研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2012年

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