環(huán)境非政府組織在美國(guó)環(huán)境外交中的作用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-11 09:25
【摘要】： 20世紀(jì)70年代,非政府組織(Non-governmental organizations, NGOs)在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上的影響力日益加深,尤其在環(huán)境問(wèn)題上。隨著全球環(huán)境外交的興起,國(guó)際關(guān)系中環(huán)境非政府組織(Environmental Non-governmental Organizations, ENGOs)發(fā)展迅速,在氣候變化、海洋資源、水土保持、生物多樣性、可持續(xù)發(fā)展、清潔能源等環(huán)境領(lǐng)域中非�；钴S,已成為國(guó)際環(huán)境外交的重要參與者和國(guó)際環(huán)境協(xié)商決策機(jī)制民主化的推進(jìn)者。 作為世界上的經(jīng)濟(jì)人國(guó),美國(guó)無(wú)論是在人均溫室氣體排放量、還是各類資源的消耗量,都居世界前列,這決定了它不能缺席于世界環(huán)境外交舞臺(tái)。 美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的NGOs十分發(fā)達(dá),政府也比較支持ENGOs的發(fā)展,在法律上對(duì)包括ENGOs在內(nèi)的各類NGOs的法律地位、稅費(fèi)政策上做了明確的優(yōu)惠規(guī)定,這使得ENGOs在美國(guó)具有比較自由的成長(zhǎng)空間。ENGOs日漸成為美國(guó)環(huán)境外交中的一支重要力量。 本文考察了ENGOs概念、特點(diǎn)和分類,認(rèn)為在美國(guó)環(huán)境外交中,ENGOs通過(guò)自身的積極活動(dòng),彌補(bǔ)了政府行政外交中的不足之處,發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。雖然現(xiàn)階段的ENGOs無(wú)論是在組織結(jié)構(gòu)上、還是活動(dòng)方式中,都存在著一定困難,但是隨著ENGOs自身的不斷演進(jìn),將會(huì)在美國(guó)環(huán)境外交中發(fā)揮越來(lái)越大的作用。 研究、學(xué)習(xí)美國(guó)ENGOs,學(xué)以致用,對(duì)于建立健全中國(guó)ENGOs相關(guān)制度,提高國(guó)內(nèi)ENGOs的地位、加深其影響力,最終建立人與自然和諧相處的社會(huì)主義中國(guó),構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì),有著重要的啟示和借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:In the 1970 s, non-governmental organizations (Non-governmental organizations, NGOs) became increasingly influential on the international stage, especially on environmental issues. With the rise of global environmental diplomacy, environmental non-governmental organizations (Environmental Non-governmental Organizations, ENGOs) in international relations have developed rapidly and become very active in the fields of climate change, marine resources, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, sustainable development, clean energy, and so on. It has become an important participant in international environmental diplomacy and a promoter of democratization of decision-making mechanism of international environmental consultation. As a country of economic man in the world, the United States is in the forefront of the world whether in terms of per capita greenhouse gas emissions or the consumption of all kinds of resources, which determines that it cannot be absent from the world stage of environmental diplomacy. The NGOs in the United States is very developed, and the government also supports the development of ENGOs. In the law, the legal status of various types of NGOs, including ENGOs, and the tax and fee policy are clearly stipulated in preferential terms. This makes ENGOs have a relatively free growth space in the United States. ENGOs are becoming an important force in American environmental diplomacy. This paper examines the concept, characteristics and classification of ENGOs, and concludes that ENGOs plays an irreplaceable role in environmental diplomacy in the United States through its own active activities and makes up for the deficiencies in government administrative diplomacy. Although there are some difficulties in the organization structure and activity mode of ENGOs at present, with the continuous evolution of ENGOs itself, it will play a more and more important role in American environmental diplomacy. To study and learn English Osse in the United States, to establish and perfect the relevant system of China's ENGOs, to improve the status of domestic ENGOs, to deepen its influence, and finally to establish a socialist China in which man and nature live in harmony, and to build a harmonious socialist society. Has the important enlightenment and the reference function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;X321
本文編號(hào)：2176583
[Abstract]:In the 1970 s, non-governmental organizations (Non-governmental organizations, NGOs) became increasingly influential on the international stage, especially on environmental issues. With the rise of global environmental diplomacy, environmental non-governmental organizations (Environmental Non-governmental Organizations, ENGOs) in international relations have developed rapidly and become very active in the fields of climate change, marine resources, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, sustainable development, clean energy, and so on. It has become an important participant in international environmental diplomacy and a promoter of democratization of decision-making mechanism of international environmental consultation. As a country of economic man in the world, the United States is in the forefront of the world whether in terms of per capita greenhouse gas emissions or the consumption of all kinds of resources, which determines that it cannot be absent from the world stage of environmental diplomacy. The NGOs in the United States is very developed, and the government also supports the development of ENGOs. In the law, the legal status of various types of NGOs, including ENGOs, and the tax and fee policy are clearly stipulated in preferential terms. This makes ENGOs have a relatively free growth space in the United States. ENGOs are becoming an important force in American environmental diplomacy. This paper examines the concept, characteristics and classification of ENGOs, and concludes that ENGOs plays an irreplaceable role in environmental diplomacy in the United States through its own active activities and makes up for the deficiencies in government administrative diplomacy. Although there are some difficulties in the organization structure and activity mode of ENGOs at present, with the continuous evolution of ENGOs itself, it will play a more and more important role in American environmental diplomacy. To study and learn English Osse in the United States, to establish and perfect the relevant system of China's ENGOs, to improve the status of domestic ENGOs, to deepen its influence, and finally to establish a socialist China in which man and nature live in harmony, and to build a harmonious socialist society. Has the important enlightenment and the reference function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;X321
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 徐蕾;美國(guó)環(huán)境外交的歷史考察（1960年代-2008年）[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2176583
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