1980年代中國外交戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 09:03
【摘要】：本文從中國共產(chǎn)黨的治國理政角度全面回顧總結(jié)1980年代中國外交戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的背景、歷程、內(nèi)容、成就、影響及啟示。 20世紀(jì)70年代末以后，隨著國際、國內(nèi)形勢的變化，以“三個世界劃分理論”為指導(dǎo)的“一條線”外交戰(zhàn)略已顯現(xiàn)出越加明顯的局限性，因為它的理論思維模式還是產(chǎn)生于國內(nèi)革命戰(zhàn)爭時期的革命統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線策略，在一定程度上忽略了二戰(zhàn)后世界和平與發(fā)展的基本趨勢，忽略了戰(zhàn)后科技革命對生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展、對加速經(jīng)濟全球化的影響；對時代性質(zhì)的判定未能隨著時代的發(fā)展而前進，在戰(zhàn)爭與和平問題上，過度夸大了世界戰(zhàn)爭的危險，強調(diào)了戰(zhàn)爭的緊迫性，與國際形勢的發(fā)展和國內(nèi)工作重心的轉(zhuǎn)移不相適應(yīng)，，因此需要加以調(diào)整。 從外交戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的背景和歷程看，進入1980年代，國內(nèi)國際形勢都發(fā)生了重大變化，客觀上要求調(diào)整中國外交戰(zhàn)略，改變20世紀(jì)70年代的聯(lián)美反蘇的“一條線”戰(zhàn)略。在國內(nèi)，黨和國家的工作重點從以階級斗爭為綱轉(zhuǎn)向到以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心，實行對內(nèi)改革、對外開放政策。這就需要外交工作的積極配合，為新時期的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)創(chuàng)造有利的國際條件。在國際上，蘇聯(lián)由于陷入阿富汗戰(zhàn)場，內(nèi)外交困，國力下降，在與美國爭霸世界中力不從心，被迫調(diào)整內(nèi)外政策；美國則反守為攻，咄咄逼人。在這種新的國際形勢下，繼續(xù)聯(lián)美反蘇，顯然不利于國際戰(zhàn)略力量平衡，不利于維護世界和平與穩(wěn)定。同時，在主觀上，隨著解放思想、實事求是的思想路線的確立，以鄧小平同志為核心的第二代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體對建國以來的對外戰(zhàn)略進行了認(rèn)真深刻的反思，對世情、國情的把握越來越熟練，對中國社會主義建設(shè)道路的探索越來越成功。這些國際、國內(nèi)，主觀、客觀等多種因素推動了中國外交戰(zhàn)略的調(diào)整。 1980年代中國外交戰(zhàn)略的調(diào)整具有豐富的內(nèi)涵，主要包括兩個層面：一是外交理念的創(chuàng)新，具體又包括時代觀、結(jié)盟觀、開放觀、外交目標(biāo)、外交原則、領(lǐng)土沖突解決等方面。這個層面的調(diào)整最為深刻，影響也更加持久；二是在新外交理念指導(dǎo)下對外戰(zhàn)略和對外關(guān)系的調(diào)整，具體又包括：中國調(diào)整了對美國、蘇聯(lián)、日本、歐共體等國家和地區(qū)的關(guān)系，與蘇聯(lián)實現(xiàn)了關(guān)系正常化，與美國適當(dāng)拉開了距離，不再搞戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系，中國還調(diào)整了與周邊國家的關(guān)系，與發(fā)展中國國家的關(guān)系，與聯(lián)合國為代表的國際組織的關(guān)系�？偠灾�，這次調(diào)整是全方位的、多領(lǐng)域的。 1980年代的中國外交戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整取得了重大成就。首先，為改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)創(chuàng)造了和平的國際環(huán)境，極大地促進了國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，增強了中國的綜合國力，提高了中國的國際地位。這次外交戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整更為深遠的意義在于，使中國得以成功應(yīng)對80年代末國內(nèi)風(fēng)波造成的對中國國際處境的不利影響和90年代初蘇聯(lián)解體、東歐劇變帶來的國際形勢動蕩，迅速適應(yīng)了冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束所帶來的世界格局的變化，從而推進了中國外交在后冷戰(zhàn)時期繼續(xù)順利作為、繼續(xù)順利發(fā)展。 1980年代的中國外交戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整，對當(dāng)前和未來的中國共產(chǎn)黨對外戰(zhàn)略的制定具有諸多有益啟示。最為關(guān)鍵的是，要加強和改進中國共產(chǎn)黨對外交工作的集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；要解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進、開拓創(chuàng)新，不斷創(chuàng)新中國特色社會主義外交理論和實踐，不墨守成規(guī)；要堅持統(tǒng)籌國際國內(nèi)兩個大局，在國際國內(nèi)形勢的相互轉(zhuǎn)化中把握機遇，應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，化解風(fēng)險，管控?zé)狳c問題，不斷提高正確處理國際事務(wù)、應(yīng)對國際局勢的能力；要堅持開展全方位外交，同所有的國家都來往，廣交朋友，不當(dāng)頭，不扛旗，不樹敵，超越社會制度和意識形態(tài)的分歧。對外工作的出發(fā)點和落腳點，歸根結(jié)底是為了維護中華民族的根本利益，實現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興。
[Abstract]:This article reviews and summarizes the background, course, content, achievements, influence and Enlightenment of China's diplomatic strategy adjustment in 1980s from the perspective of the Communist Party of China's governance.
After the late 1970s, with the changes in the international and domestic situation, the "one line" diplomatic strategy, guided by the "three world division theory", has shown more obvious limitations, because its theoretical mode of thinking or the strategy of the revolutionary united front in the period of the revolutionary war in China has been neglected to a certain extent by two. The basic trend of world peace and development after the war has neglected the impact of the post-war technological revolution on the development of productive forces and the acceleration of economic globalization; the judgment of the nature of the times has not moved forward with the development of the times. On the issue of war and peace, it overstates the danger of the war in the world, emphasizes the urgency of the war and the international situation. The development is not compatible with the shift of the focus of domestic work, and therefore needs to be adjusted.
From the background and course of the adjustment of diplomatic strategy, in 1980s, the domestic and international situation has changed greatly. Objectively, the Chinese diplomatic strategy should be adjusted and the "one line" strategy of the United States and the Soviet Union in 1970s is changed. In China, the focus of the work of the party and the state is to take the class struggle as the key to the economic construction. To carry out the internal reform and open the policy of opening to the outside world, it is necessary to cooperate actively in diplomatic work and create favorable international conditions for the strategic task of the new period. In the international world, the Soviet Union is forced to adjust the internal and external policies in the fight against the United States in the war of Afghanistan, the internal and external difficulties, the decline of national strength, and the internal and external policies of the United States in the world of hegemony. Under this new international situation, the continuation of the United States and the Soviet Union is obviously not conducive to the balance of the international strategic force and the maintenance of world peace and stability. At the same time, with the establishment of the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts on the subjective side, the second generation of central leadership of the second generation of central leadership at the core of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's foreign war since the founding of the people's Republic of China It has been a serious and profound reflection, the understanding of the world and the national conditions is becoming more and more proficient, and the exploration of the road of China's socialist construction is becoming more and more successful. These international, domestic, subjective and objective factors have promoted the adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy.
The adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy in 1980s has a rich connotation, mainly including two aspects: first, the innovation of the diplomatic concept, including the concept of the times, the view of alliance, the view of opening up, the diplomatic goal, the diplomatic principle, the settlement of the territorial conflict and so on. The adjustment of this level is the most profound and the influence is more lasting; the two is the new diplomatic concept. China has adjusted its relations with the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, the European Community and other countries, normalizing relations with the Soviet Union, opening up a distance with the United States, no longer engaging in strategic relations, and adjusting relations with the neighboring countries and developing China's relations with the countries of China. In general, the adjustment is comprehensive and multidisciplinary.
The adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy in 1980s made great achievements. First, it created a peaceful international environment for reform and opening up and modernization, greatly promoted domestic economic and social development, strengthened China's comprehensive national strength and increased China's international status. The more far-reaching significance of this diplomatic strategy adjustment is to make China have to In order to successfully cope with the adverse effects on China's international situation in the late 80s and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the early 90s, the upheaval of the international situation brought about by the upheaval in Eastern Europe quickly adapted to the changes in the world pattern brought about by the end of the cold war, and thus promoted the smooth development of China's diplomacy during the cold war.
The adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy in 1980s has many beneficial implications for the formulation of the current and future Chinese Communist Party's foreign strategy. The most important thing is to strengthen and improve the centralized and unified leadership of the Chinese Communist Party's diplomatic work, to emancipate the mind, to seek truth from facts, to develop and innovate, and to innovate the social owners of Chinese characteristics. The theory and practice of righteous diplomacy are not conservative. We should stick to the two overall international and domestic situations, seize the opportunities in the international and domestic situation, deal with the challenges, resolve the risks, control the hot issues, and constantly improve the ability to deal with international affairs correctly and deal with the international situation. The starting points and foothold of foreign work are to safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D232;D822.3
本文編號：2167216
[Abstract]:This article reviews and summarizes the background, course, content, achievements, influence and Enlightenment of China's diplomatic strategy adjustment in 1980s from the perspective of the Communist Party of China's governance.
After the late 1970s, with the changes in the international and domestic situation, the "one line" diplomatic strategy, guided by the "three world division theory", has shown more obvious limitations, because its theoretical mode of thinking or the strategy of the revolutionary united front in the period of the revolutionary war in China has been neglected to a certain extent by two. The basic trend of world peace and development after the war has neglected the impact of the post-war technological revolution on the development of productive forces and the acceleration of economic globalization; the judgment of the nature of the times has not moved forward with the development of the times. On the issue of war and peace, it overstates the danger of the war in the world, emphasizes the urgency of the war and the international situation. The development is not compatible with the shift of the focus of domestic work, and therefore needs to be adjusted.
From the background and course of the adjustment of diplomatic strategy, in 1980s, the domestic and international situation has changed greatly. Objectively, the Chinese diplomatic strategy should be adjusted and the "one line" strategy of the United States and the Soviet Union in 1970s is changed. In China, the focus of the work of the party and the state is to take the class struggle as the key to the economic construction. To carry out the internal reform and open the policy of opening to the outside world, it is necessary to cooperate actively in diplomatic work and create favorable international conditions for the strategic task of the new period. In the international world, the Soviet Union is forced to adjust the internal and external policies in the fight against the United States in the war of Afghanistan, the internal and external difficulties, the decline of national strength, and the internal and external policies of the United States in the world of hegemony. Under this new international situation, the continuation of the United States and the Soviet Union is obviously not conducive to the balance of the international strategic force and the maintenance of world peace and stability. At the same time, with the establishment of the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts on the subjective side, the second generation of central leadership of the second generation of central leadership at the core of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's foreign war since the founding of the people's Republic of China It has been a serious and profound reflection, the understanding of the world and the national conditions is becoming more and more proficient, and the exploration of the road of China's socialist construction is becoming more and more successful. These international, domestic, subjective and objective factors have promoted the adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy.
The adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy in 1980s has a rich connotation, mainly including two aspects: first, the innovation of the diplomatic concept, including the concept of the times, the view of alliance, the view of opening up, the diplomatic goal, the diplomatic principle, the settlement of the territorial conflict and so on. The adjustment of this level is the most profound and the influence is more lasting; the two is the new diplomatic concept. China has adjusted its relations with the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, the European Community and other countries, normalizing relations with the Soviet Union, opening up a distance with the United States, no longer engaging in strategic relations, and adjusting relations with the neighboring countries and developing China's relations with the countries of China. In general, the adjustment is comprehensive and multidisciplinary.
The adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy in 1980s made great achievements. First, it created a peaceful international environment for reform and opening up and modernization, greatly promoted domestic economic and social development, strengthened China's comprehensive national strength and increased China's international status. The more far-reaching significance of this diplomatic strategy adjustment is to make China have to In order to successfully cope with the adverse effects on China's international situation in the late 80s and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the early 90s, the upheaval of the international situation brought about by the upheaval in Eastern Europe quickly adapted to the changes in the world pattern brought about by the end of the cold war, and thus promoted the smooth development of China's diplomacy during the cold war.
The adjustment of China's diplomatic strategy in 1980s has many beneficial implications for the formulation of the current and future Chinese Communist Party's foreign strategy. The most important thing is to strengthen and improve the centralized and unified leadership of the Chinese Communist Party's diplomatic work, to emancipate the mind, to seek truth from facts, to develop and innovate, and to innovate the social owners of Chinese characteristics. The theory and practice of righteous diplomacy are not conservative. We should stick to the two overall international and domestic situations, seize the opportunities in the international and domestic situation, deal with the challenges, resolve the risks, control the hot issues, and constantly improve the ability to deal with international affairs correctly and deal with the international situation. The starting points and foothold of foreign work are to safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D232;D822.3
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