【摘要】：約瑟夫·奈與1989年提出軟權(quán)力(Soft Power)思想一來(lái)受到國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)理論界的普遍關(guān)注。約瑟夫·奈認(rèn)為,一個(gè)國(guó)家的綜合國(guó)力既包括由經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、軍事實(shí)力等表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的“硬權(quán)力”,也包括以文化、意識(shí)形態(tài)等吸引力體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的“軟權(quán)力”。軟權(quán)力是利用非強(qiáng)迫手段讓人們服從你的意志、做你想讓他們做的事的特殊力量。奈認(rèn)為國(guó)家的軟權(quán)力主要來(lái)自四種資源：第一,文化的吸引力；第二,意識(shí)形態(tài)和思想觀念(ideas)的感召力；第三,制定國(guó)際規(guī)則和建立國(guó)際機(jī)制的能力；第四,恰當(dāng)?shù)耐饨徽�。軟�?quán)力概念一經(jīng)提出就在中國(guó)產(chǎn)生了巨大的反響。1993年王滬寧首先在國(guó)內(nèi)使用軟實(shí)力的概念,在接下來(lái)的十幾年中軟權(quán)力研究一直是中國(guó)國(guó)際關(guān)系理論研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者從軟權(quán)力的內(nèi)涵、軟權(quán)力與硬權(quán)力的關(guān)系、提升軟權(quán)力的途徑等方面進(jìn)行探討并且涌現(xiàn)出了大量研究成果。但是由于奈的軟權(quán)力思想本身對(duì)軟權(quán)力與硬權(quán)力的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在問(wèn)題,造成中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者在研究軟權(quán)力的的時(shí)候造成了對(duì)軟權(quán)力概念理解的狹隘化和軟權(quán)力應(yīng)用的泛化問(wèn)題。 本文在分析了現(xiàn)有軟權(quán)力思想不足的基礎(chǔ)上辨析了軟權(quán)力與軟實(shí)力的區(qū)別,提出實(shí)力是一種天然地、內(nèi)在的事物,而權(quán)力則是一種社會(huì)性很強(qiáng)的事物。因此只要是單元存在就天然地具有實(shí)力,反之具有實(shí)力的單元并不一定具有權(quán)力。實(shí)力的客體可以是人也可以是物質(zhì),但是權(quán)力的客體只能是人。此外還分析了軟權(quán)力與硬權(quán)力、軟權(quán)力與文化的關(guān)系,并據(jù)此深入分析了軟權(quán)力的本質(zhì),提出了軟權(quán)力的終極來(lái)源是一種發(fā)展模式。這一觀點(diǎn)是全新的,帶有終極性質(zhì)的,是完全經(jīng)得起理論和實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)的。最后國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)應(yīng)用軟權(quán)力提升國(guó)家地位的題的研究都是非常具體的和不全面的,往往是提出了許多種途徑可是實(shí)質(zhì)上說(shuō)的都是一個(gè)方面。本文從軟權(quán)力的本質(zhì)出發(fā),在系統(tǒng)層次上應(yīng)用邏輯思維的方法提出了提升中國(guó)軟權(quán)力的途徑：大力弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)的當(dāng)代文化、擴(kuò)大中國(guó)模式的宣傳力度尤其是增加對(duì)中國(guó)模式普適性的宣傳和加快我國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。這一途徑是高度概括的、抽象的、系統(tǒng)的和全新的。
[Abstract]:Joseph Nye and 1989 put forward the soft power (Soft Power) thought. Joseph Nye believes that a country's comprehensive national strength includes not only the "hard power", which is manifested by economy, science and technology, military strength, and so on, but also the "soft power" embodied by the attraction of culture and ideology. Soft power is the special power to use non-coercive means to subdue people from your will and do what you want them to do. Nye believes that the soft power of the state comes mainly from four kinds of resources: first, the attraction of culture; second, the appeal of ideology and ideology (ideas); thirdly, the ability to make international rules and establish international mechanisms; and fourth, appropriate foreign policy. As soon as the concept of soft power was put forward, it produced a huge response in China. In 1993, Wang Huning first used the concept of soft power in China, and in the following ten years, the study of soft power has always been a hot topic in the theoretical research of China's international relations. Domestic scholars have discussed the connotation of soft power, the relationship between soft power and hard power, and the ways to promote soft power, and a large number of research results have emerged. However, Nye's soft power thought itself has problems in dividing soft power from hard power, which results in narrow understanding of soft power concept and generalization of soft power application when domestic scholars study soft power. On the basis of analyzing the deficiency of the existing soft power thought, this paper distinguishes the difference between soft power and soft power, and points out that strength is a kind of natural, internal thing, and power is a kind of social thing. So long as the unit exists, it is natural to have strength, whereas the unit with strength does not necessarily have power. The object of power can be human or material, but the object of power can only be human. In addition, the relationship between soft power and hard power, soft power and culture is analyzed, and the essence of soft power is analyzed, and the ultimate source of soft power is put forward as a mode of development. This view is brand-new, with the ultimate nature, and is completely up to the test of theory and practice. Finally, the research on the application of soft power to promote the status of the state is very specific and incomplete, often put forward a lot of ways, but in essence it is one aspect. Starting from the essence of soft power, this paper puts forward the ways to promote soft power in China by applying the method of logical thinking on the system level: vigorously carrying forward the contemporary culture of China. To expand the propaganda of the Chinese model, especially to promote the universality of the Chinese model, and to speed up the construction of socialist modernization in China. This approach is highly generalized, abstract, systematic and new.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D822

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