薩科齊外交政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 01:25
【摘要】：全球化時代下,世界向多極化方向發(fā)展的趨勢不可抗拒,這一趨勢下的國際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)格局和國際安全格局,構(gòu)成薩科齊外交政策的國際背景。全球性金融危機(jī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)(包括后續(xù)的歐債危機(jī))進(jìn)一步改變了國際政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)格局,經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)后薩科齊外交政策更加向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傾斜。 薩科齊時期,法國國內(nèi)形勢嚴(yán)峻。高赤字、高逆差、高失業(yè)、低增長率的“三高一低”局面依然是法國宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要特點(diǎn),加之經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的沖擊,法國經(jīng)濟(jì)積重難返；民眾與政府在改革問題上嚴(yán)重對立；法國社會移民問題突出；社會危機(jī)(罷工、騷亂)頻頻發(fā)生。國內(nèi)形勢的不利局面對薩科齊“大國雄心”外交抱負(fù)構(gòu)成制約。 薩科齊出任總統(tǒng)后不久,歐洲媒體上就流行著一個新詞匯——"Sarkozysme"(“薩科齊主義”)。像蓬皮杜一樣大權(quán)獨(dú)攬、像德斯坦一樣主動熱情、比戴高樂多些活潑、比密特朗添幾分實(shí)干、又比希拉克多些決斷,這就是“薩科齊主義�！�(注：法國《觀點(diǎn)》周刊的評述)。很多時候國外媒體將“薩科齊主義”用以特指薩科齊的執(zhí)政風(fēng)格。但“薩科齊主義”不僅僅是薩科齊當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)后的一次政治風(fēng)潮和執(zhí)政風(fēng)格變化,“薩科齊主義”包含有豐富的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容。參照周榮耀對戴高樂主義的定義——“戴高樂主義,就是戴高樂為維護(hù)民族獨(dú)立和國家主權(quán),爭取恢復(fù)法國大國地位的外交政策思想和實(shí)踐�！�,那么“薩科齊主義”可以定義為“薩科齊時代法國追求獨(dú)立自主和大國地位的外交政策思想和實(shí)踐�！边@一定義,主要是從薩科齊主義的內(nèi)容和體現(xiàn)形式的角度來歸納“薩科齊主義”。 薩科齊身上兼具濃厚的意志主義(Volontarisme)色彩和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義(Realisme)色彩,他既是一個意志主義者,又是一個現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者。從“薩科齊主義”的精神實(shí)質(zhì)以及“薩科齊主義”在薩科齊外交政策和實(shí)踐中的作用和意義來看,“薩科齊主義”是薩科齊“意志主義”和“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”的矛盾統(tǒng)一體,是薩科齊外交的“世界觀”和“方法論”；構(gòu)成“薩科齊主義”主體的薩科齊的“意志主義”和“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”兩者之間有著看似矛盾,實(shí)則相通的辯證關(guān)系。薩科齊的意志主義和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義共同服務(wù)并統(tǒng)一于維護(hù)法國國家利益的根本目標(biāo)；它們之間的矛盾在國家利益最大化、在對法國大國地位的追求中獲得了一致性,合乎現(xiàn)實(shí)主義行為邏輯。作為薩科齊外交的“世界觀”和“方法論”,“薩科齊主義”充分體現(xiàn)在薩科齊的外交實(shí)踐、外交理念和外交風(fēng)格幾方面上。首先,薩科齊的“相對大國論”理念和“法國偉大”意志,是薩科齊對世界形勢的客觀認(rèn)識和對法國的主觀意愿上定位,體現(xiàn)出薩科齊的立足現(xiàn)實(shí)的“世界觀”以及意志主義的“大國雄心”；這在“認(rèn)識論”和“世界觀”上實(shí)現(xiàn)了“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”和“意志主義”的統(tǒng)一。其次,在外交方式、方法上,薩科齊處理國際事務(wù)表現(xiàn)出的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義理性態(tài)度和務(wù)實(shí)作風(fēng),在行動過程中表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)硬形象和堅(jiān)決意志,(力求體現(xiàn)法國強(qiáng)大和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者能力)。 薩科齊就任總統(tǒng)后,決意以“有影響力的外交”重塑法國在歐洲和全球的大國地位為首要任務(wù),并為此采取了一系列積極主動的外交實(shí)踐。例如薩科齊致力于促成《里斯本條約》在歐盟成員國中全部通過和最終簽署,推動歐盟一體化進(jìn)程；推進(jìn)地中海聯(lián)盟計(jì)劃,提升法國在中東和北非的影響力；改善法美關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)法國全面重返北約組織；積極實(shí)施“峰會外交”,倡導(dǎo)金融監(jiān)管和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理；爭取多方支持,構(gòu)建G20機(jī)制下國際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序等。薩科齊在國際舞臺上異�；钴S,盡管爭議眾多、甚至可以說是毀譽(yù)參半,但其為法國外交帶來了新局面,其外交理念和政策實(shí)踐對當(dāng)今法國外交產(chǎn)生深刻影響是不容質(zhì)疑的。相對于同一時期的其他國家的新生代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,薩科齊的外交能力和外交成果是值得肯定的。我們以中立觀察者的立場,主張辯證地看待薩科齊的外交政策和實(shí)踐,既要看到其不足和消極的一面,又要看到“超越”和積極的一面。薩科齊以現(xiàn)實(shí)主義為原則,靈活機(jī)動地在大國間推行平衡外交,均勢外交,薩科齊時期的法國同世界主要大國的關(guān)系得到全面提升,在戰(zhàn)略地區(qū)的影響力得到強(qiáng)化。薩科齊改善了法美關(guān)系,鞏固了法德核心,加強(qiáng)了與英國的軍事合作,提升了法俄關(guān)系,同中國建立了新型全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系,調(diào)整了對非政策,與非洲建立新型合作伙伴關(guān)系,調(diào)整中東戰(zhàn)略,在中東和平進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮了法國大國影響力。另外,經(jīng)濟(jì)外交是薩科齊外交政策非常重要的組成部分,薩科齊的經(jīng)濟(jì)外交的特點(diǎn)和成就可從兩個方面總結(jié)：一是“訂單外交”,二是“峰會外交”。薩科齊恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)外交,使法國獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、安全等多重利益。 本文的主題是論述薩科齊在外交政策方面所實(shí)施的一系列重大調(diào)整及其在國際政治中的實(shí)踐運(yùn)用,揭示法國當(dāng)前外交局面和戰(zhàn)略意圖,目的在于在總體把握當(dāng)前法國外交走向的基礎(chǔ)之上,為中法關(guān)系的發(fā)展提供合理的建議。通過研究,我們試圖回答以下問題：第一,薩科齊主義存在嗎?如果存在,是就何種意義上而言?薩科齊主義有哪些實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容和特征?第二,薩科齊政府外交政策上做了哪些實(shí)質(zhì)性變革、政策實(shí)施后帶來的后果和影響以及在國際層面的發(fā)展前景如何?第三,薩科齊外交政策繼承性或決裂性之爭論：薩科齊主義同第五共和國的外交傳統(tǒng)(戴高樂主義)是繼承還是決裂?薩科齊外交政策同希拉克外交政策之間是繼承還是決裂?第四,基于對法國外交的認(rèn)識,對未來法國外交走向有何預(yù)測,對中法關(guān)系發(fā)展有何合理建議? 本文依照內(nèi)外背景→外交理念和外交風(fēng)格(薩科齊主義)→外交政策和實(shí)踐→外交得失評述的順序?qū)λ_科齊的外交政策展開分析和論述。本文第一章分析薩科齊外交政策的內(nèi)外背景和影響因素；第二章論述“薩科齊主義”,包括薩科齊的外交理念、外交實(shí)踐和外交風(fēng)格等內(nèi)容；本文在第三章、第四章、第五章中分別從外交實(shí)踐、大國關(guān)系和地區(qū)政策、經(jīng)濟(jì)外交幾方面對薩科齊的外交政策和外交實(shí)踐展開論述,這幾部分內(nèi)容構(gòu)成全文重點(diǎn)。第六章為本文結(jié)論部分,首先我們對薩科齊主義進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并深入剖析薩科齊的意志主義和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；其次對薩科齊的外交政策做出評析,總結(jié)其同戴高樂主義、希拉克主義的關(guān)聯(lián)性,回答“繼承或決裂”的問題；最后就薩科齊外交政策的影響和前景做出分析,并對推動中法關(guān)系的發(fā)展提出相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:In the era of globalization, the trend of the development of the world to multipolarization is irresistible. The international politics, the economic pattern and the international security pattern under this trend constitute the international background of Sarkozy's foreign policy. The global financial crisis and economic crisis (including the subsequent European debt crisis) have further changed the international political and economic situation, and the economic crisis is in danger. Sarkozy's foreign policy is more tilted to realism.
In the period of Sarkozy, the situation in France was severe. The situation of high deficit, high deficit, high unemployment and low growth rate was still the main characteristic of the French macro economy. In addition, the French economy was hard to return with the impact of the economic crisis; the people and the government were in serious opposition to the reform problem; the social immigrant problem was prominent in France; the social danger was in danger. Planes (strikes, riots) happen frequently. The unfavorable situation in the domestic situation is a constraint to Sarkozy's ambition of "great power ambition".
Shortly after Sarkozy was president, a new word in the European media, "Sarkozysme" ("Sarkozy doctrine"), was like Pompidou, like Goldstein, more active than Goldstein, more lively than De Gaulle, Be Mitterrand more practical, and more decisive than Chirac. This is "Sarkozy." Many times foreign media used "Sarkozy doctrine" to refer to Sarkozy's ruling style. But "Sarkozy doctrine" is not only a political trend and a change in ruling style after Sarkozy is elected president. "Sarkozy doctrine" contains substantial content of rich and rich. Zhou Rongyao to De Gaulle owners The definition of righteousness - "De Gaulle's doctrine is the foreign policy thought and practice of De Gaulle to maintain national independence and state sovereignty and strive for the restoration of the status of the great powers of France." then "Sarkozy" can be defined as the definition of "the foreign policy and practice of the pursuit of independence and the status of a great power in the era of Sarkozy." It mainly sums up Sarkozy doctrine from the perspective of Sarkozy's content and form.
Sarkozy has a strong willpower (Volontarisme) color and Realism (Realisme) color. He is both a will and a realist. From the essence of Sarkozy's spirit and the role and significance of "Sarkozy doctrine" in Sarkozy's foreign policy and practice, "Sarkozy doctrine" "" is the contradictory unity of Sarkozy's will and realism, the "world view" and "methodology" of Sarkozy's diplomacy, and the dialectical relationship between the "will" and "realism" of Sarkozy, which constitutes the subject of "Sarkozy doctrine", has a dialectical relationship between the "will" and the "realism". The will of Sarkozy is the will Lord of Sarkozy. The unity of justice and realism serves and unifies the fundamental goal of safeguarding the interests of the French state; the contradiction between them is maximized in the interests of the state, and is consistent in the pursuit of the status of the great powers of France. It is in line with the logic of realism. As a "world Outlook" and "methodology" of Sarkozy diplomacy, "Sarkozy doctrine" is filled. It is embodied in Sarkozy's diplomatic practice, diplomatic concept and diplomatic style. First of all, Sarkozy's theory of "relative power" and "great French" will are Sarkozy's objective understanding of the world situation and the orientation of the subjective will of France, and Sarkozy's "world outlook" based on reality and the will of will. In the "epistemology" and the "world view", it realized the unity of "realism" and "willpower". Secondly, in diplomatic ways and methods, Sarkozy dealt with the realistic rational attitude and pragmatic style of international affairs, and showed strong image and resolute will in the course of action. Embody the power of France and the ability of leaders.
After being president, Sarkozy decided to remould France's position in Europe and the world as the first task with "influential diplomacy" and adopted a series of active diplomatic practices. For example, Sarkozy was committed to promoting the integration of the European Union in the EU member countries by the Lisbon treaty. To promote the influence of the Mediterranean Union, promote the influence of France in the Middle East and North Africa, improve France US relations, realize the full return of France to NATO, actively implement the "summit diplomacy", advocate financial supervision and global economic governance, strive for multi support, and build a new international economic order under the G20 mechanism. Sarkozy is on the international stage. It is unquestionable that the diplomatic concept and policy practice has a profound influence on the French diplomacy, which is unquestionable, although there are many disputes and even more disputed, but it has brought a new situation to French diplomacy. Compared with the new generation leader of other countries in the same period, Sarkozy's diplomatic and diplomatic achievements are worth it. Affirmative. We stand on the standpoint of the neutral observer and advocate a dialectical view of Sarkozy's foreign policy and practice. We should see both its inadequacy and the negative side, but also see "transcendence" and positive side. Sarkozy, with the principle of realism, flexibly pushes the balance diplomacy, balance diplomacy, and Sarkozy's France between the great powers. The relationship with the major powers of the world has been improved and the influence of the strategic region has been strengthened. Sarkozy has improved the relations between France and the United States, consolidates the core of France and Germany, strengthens the military cooperation with the United Kingdom, promotes the relationship between France and Russia, establishes a new comprehensive strategic partnership with China, adjusts the policy against Africa and establishes a new partnership with Africa. In addition, economic diplomacy is a very important part of Sarkozy's foreign policy. The characteristics and achievements of Sarkozy's economic diplomacy can be summarized from two aspects: one is "order diplomacy", and the two is "summit diplomacy". Sarkozy's proper use of the Confucian classics is the appropriate use of the economic diplomacy. Economic diplomacy has enabled France to gain multiple benefits such as economy, politics and security.
The theme of this article is to discuss a series of major adjustments carried out by Sarkozy in foreign policy and its practical application in international politics, and to reveal the current diplomatic situation and strategic intention of France. The aim is to provide a reasonable suggestion for the development of Sino French relations on the basis of the general grasp of the current French diplomatic trend. We try to answer the following questions: first, does Sarkozy exist? If it exists, what are the substantive contents and features of Sarkozy's doctrine? Second, what substantial changes have been made in the foreign policy of the Sarkozy administration, the consequences and effects of the implementation of the policy and the development prospects at the international level? Third, the argument of Sarkozy's diplomatic policy inheriting or breaking up: is the diplomatic tradition of Sarkozy and the Fifth Republic (De Gaulle) a succession or break? Is Sarkozy's foreign policy and Chirac's foreign policy a succession or a break? Fourth, based on the understanding of French diplomacy, and the prediction of the future of French diplomacy. What is the reasonable proposal for the development of Sino French relations?
This paper analyzes and discusses Sarkozy's foreign policy in the order of the internal and external background, diplomatic concept and diplomatic style (Sarkozy doctrine), foreign policy and practice and diplomatic gain and loss. The first chapter analyzes the internal and external background and influencing factors of Sarkozy's foreign policy; the second chapter discusses "Sarkozy doctrine", including sarco. In the third, fourth, and fifth chapters of the third, fourth, and fifth chapters, this article discusses foreign policy and diplomatic practice in several aspects, including diplomatic practice, great power relations and regional policies, and economic diplomacy. These parts constitute the full text of the full text. The sixth chapter is the conclusion part of this article, first of all. We sum up Sarkozy's doctrine and deeply analyze Sarkozy's will and realism; secondly, make an analysis of Sarkozy's foreign policy, summarize the relevance of De Gaulle and Chirac, and answer the question of "inheritance or break", and finally make an analysis of the influence and prospects of Sarkozy's foreign policy. And put forward relevant suggestions to promote the development of Sino French relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D856.5
本文編號：2128418
[Abstract]:In the era of globalization, the trend of the development of the world to multipolarization is irresistible. The international politics, the economic pattern and the international security pattern under this trend constitute the international background of Sarkozy's foreign policy. The global financial crisis and economic crisis (including the subsequent European debt crisis) have further changed the international political and economic situation, and the economic crisis is in danger. Sarkozy's foreign policy is more tilted to realism.
In the period of Sarkozy, the situation in France was severe. The situation of high deficit, high deficit, high unemployment and low growth rate was still the main characteristic of the French macro economy. In addition, the French economy was hard to return with the impact of the economic crisis; the people and the government were in serious opposition to the reform problem; the social immigrant problem was prominent in France; the social danger was in danger. Planes (strikes, riots) happen frequently. The unfavorable situation in the domestic situation is a constraint to Sarkozy's ambition of "great power ambition".
Shortly after Sarkozy was president, a new word in the European media, "Sarkozysme" ("Sarkozy doctrine"), was like Pompidou, like Goldstein, more active than Goldstein, more lively than De Gaulle, Be Mitterrand more practical, and more decisive than Chirac. This is "Sarkozy." Many times foreign media used "Sarkozy doctrine" to refer to Sarkozy's ruling style. But "Sarkozy doctrine" is not only a political trend and a change in ruling style after Sarkozy is elected president. "Sarkozy doctrine" contains substantial content of rich and rich. Zhou Rongyao to De Gaulle owners The definition of righteousness - "De Gaulle's doctrine is the foreign policy thought and practice of De Gaulle to maintain national independence and state sovereignty and strive for the restoration of the status of the great powers of France." then "Sarkozy" can be defined as the definition of "the foreign policy and practice of the pursuit of independence and the status of a great power in the era of Sarkozy." It mainly sums up Sarkozy doctrine from the perspective of Sarkozy's content and form.
Sarkozy has a strong willpower (Volontarisme) color and Realism (Realisme) color. He is both a will and a realist. From the essence of Sarkozy's spirit and the role and significance of "Sarkozy doctrine" in Sarkozy's foreign policy and practice, "Sarkozy doctrine" "" is the contradictory unity of Sarkozy's will and realism, the "world view" and "methodology" of Sarkozy's diplomacy, and the dialectical relationship between the "will" and "realism" of Sarkozy, which constitutes the subject of "Sarkozy doctrine", has a dialectical relationship between the "will" and the "realism". The will of Sarkozy is the will Lord of Sarkozy. The unity of justice and realism serves and unifies the fundamental goal of safeguarding the interests of the French state; the contradiction between them is maximized in the interests of the state, and is consistent in the pursuit of the status of the great powers of France. It is in line with the logic of realism. As a "world Outlook" and "methodology" of Sarkozy diplomacy, "Sarkozy doctrine" is filled. It is embodied in Sarkozy's diplomatic practice, diplomatic concept and diplomatic style. First of all, Sarkozy's theory of "relative power" and "great French" will are Sarkozy's objective understanding of the world situation and the orientation of the subjective will of France, and Sarkozy's "world outlook" based on reality and the will of will. In the "epistemology" and the "world view", it realized the unity of "realism" and "willpower". Secondly, in diplomatic ways and methods, Sarkozy dealt with the realistic rational attitude and pragmatic style of international affairs, and showed strong image and resolute will in the course of action. Embody the power of France and the ability of leaders.
After being president, Sarkozy decided to remould France's position in Europe and the world as the first task with "influential diplomacy" and adopted a series of active diplomatic practices. For example, Sarkozy was committed to promoting the integration of the European Union in the EU member countries by the Lisbon treaty. To promote the influence of the Mediterranean Union, promote the influence of France in the Middle East and North Africa, improve France US relations, realize the full return of France to NATO, actively implement the "summit diplomacy", advocate financial supervision and global economic governance, strive for multi support, and build a new international economic order under the G20 mechanism. Sarkozy is on the international stage. It is unquestionable that the diplomatic concept and policy practice has a profound influence on the French diplomacy, which is unquestionable, although there are many disputes and even more disputed, but it has brought a new situation to French diplomacy. Compared with the new generation leader of other countries in the same period, Sarkozy's diplomatic and diplomatic achievements are worth it. Affirmative. We stand on the standpoint of the neutral observer and advocate a dialectical view of Sarkozy's foreign policy and practice. We should see both its inadequacy and the negative side, but also see "transcendence" and positive side. Sarkozy, with the principle of realism, flexibly pushes the balance diplomacy, balance diplomacy, and Sarkozy's France between the great powers. The relationship with the major powers of the world has been improved and the influence of the strategic region has been strengthened. Sarkozy has improved the relations between France and the United States, consolidates the core of France and Germany, strengthens the military cooperation with the United Kingdom, promotes the relationship between France and Russia, establishes a new comprehensive strategic partnership with China, adjusts the policy against Africa and establishes a new partnership with Africa. In addition, economic diplomacy is a very important part of Sarkozy's foreign policy. The characteristics and achievements of Sarkozy's economic diplomacy can be summarized from two aspects: one is "order diplomacy", and the two is "summit diplomacy". Sarkozy's proper use of the Confucian classics is the appropriate use of the economic diplomacy. Economic diplomacy has enabled France to gain multiple benefits such as economy, politics and security.
The theme of this article is to discuss a series of major adjustments carried out by Sarkozy in foreign policy and its practical application in international politics, and to reveal the current diplomatic situation and strategic intention of France. The aim is to provide a reasonable suggestion for the development of Sino French relations on the basis of the general grasp of the current French diplomatic trend. We try to answer the following questions: first, does Sarkozy exist? If it exists, what are the substantive contents and features of Sarkozy's doctrine? Second, what substantial changes have been made in the foreign policy of the Sarkozy administration, the consequences and effects of the implementation of the policy and the development prospects at the international level? Third, the argument of Sarkozy's diplomatic policy inheriting or breaking up: is the diplomatic tradition of Sarkozy and the Fifth Republic (De Gaulle) a succession or break? Is Sarkozy's foreign policy and Chirac's foreign policy a succession or a break? Fourth, based on the understanding of French diplomacy, and the prediction of the future of French diplomacy. What is the reasonable proposal for the development of Sino French relations?
This paper analyzes and discusses Sarkozy's foreign policy in the order of the internal and external background, diplomatic concept and diplomatic style (Sarkozy doctrine), foreign policy and practice and diplomatic gain and loss. The first chapter analyzes the internal and external background and influencing factors of Sarkozy's foreign policy; the second chapter discusses "Sarkozy doctrine", including sarco. In the third, fourth, and fifth chapters of the third, fourth, and fifth chapters, this article discusses foreign policy and diplomatic practice in several aspects, including diplomatic practice, great power relations and regional policies, and economic diplomacy. These parts constitute the full text of the full text. The sixth chapter is the conclusion part of this article, first of all. We sum up Sarkozy's doctrine and deeply analyze Sarkozy's will and realism; secondly, make an analysis of Sarkozy's foreign policy, summarize the relevance of De Gaulle and Chirac, and answer the question of "inheritance or break", and finally make an analysis of the influence and prospects of Sarkozy's foreign policy. And put forward relevant suggestions to promote the development of Sino French relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D856.5
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