奧巴馬政府多邊外交政策評析
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 17:14
【摘要】：美國作為當今世界唯一的超級大國,其外交政策對國際社會有著顯著的影響。奧巴馬作為美國歷史上首位黑人總統(tǒng),其所倡導的外交“變革”、多邊外交,值得世人關注。一定意義上,美國新政府外交政策的變換是影響中美關系發(fā)展乃至世界格局變動的風向標。奧巴馬政府的多邊外交政策對多極化國際格局的損益何在,對中美關系的發(fā)展將帶來何種影響,這都值得我們對此做更為深入的探究。研究奧巴馬政府多邊外交政策,不僅有助于認識美國的對外戰(zhàn)略,有利于推進中美關系的順利發(fā)展,還對我國開展多邊外交具有重要的借鑒意義。 國內外學者已就奧巴馬政府的外交政策展開研究,目前所取得的研究成果有限且在研究對象、研究方法、資料選用等方面存有不足。鑒于此,本文就奧巴馬政府的多邊外交政策予以評析。文章共分下述五大部分: 第一部分闡述了奧巴馬執(zhí)政后美國外交政策的轉變。該部分基于對奧巴馬政府外交政策和小布什政府外交政策的比較,分別從外交理念、外交方式、外交議題等三個方面闡釋了美國新政府的外交“變革”。 第二部分分析了奧巴馬政府推行多邊外交政策的背景。該部分運用層次分析法,從國際系統(tǒng)、國家、個人三個層次闡釋了奧巴馬政府拋棄小布什政府單邊主義而開展多邊外交的原因。其中,國際系統(tǒng)層次的背景包括漸趨多極化的國際格局、漸呈網(wǎng)絡化的國際交往進程以及日益凸顯的全球問題;國家層次的背景包括美國歷屆政府的多邊外交經(jīng)驗、美國的現(xiàn)實困境以及民主黨的政治思潮;個人層次的背景主要包括奧巴馬總統(tǒng)個人的成長經(jīng)歷、文化背景、性格品質等因素。 第三部分闡釋了奧巴馬政府多邊外交政策的實施措施及特點。奧巴馬政府多邊外交政策的實施措施有其多樣性,以多元的外交途徑、合作的外交姿態(tài)為主導。奧巴馬政府的多邊外交政策有其鮮明特點,無論是開展外交“變革”、制定多邊外交政策,還是采取多邊外交方式,變革性與繼承性相聯(lián)系、目的性與針對性相一致、務實性與靈活性相統(tǒng)一、模糊性與兩面性相協(xié)調等特點都詮釋著美國新政府的多邊外交。 第四部分闡述了奧巴馬政府多邊外交政策對中美關系的影響。該部分首先描述了中美關系的發(fā)展狀況。自奧巴馬政府執(zhí)政以來,中美關系既有總體態(tài)勢穩(wěn)定、積極發(fā)展的一面,又有結構性矛盾難消、諸多分歧仍在的一面。基于此,本文提出我國在奧巴馬政府多邊外交政策下深化中美關系、促進共同發(fā)展的建議。我國既要積極融入多邊機制、拓展多邊外交,又要警惕多邊機制下美國的制度霸權“藩籬”;既要與美國在多邊機制中深化合作、促進共同發(fā)展,又應有理有利有節(jié)地擺脫美國霸權的“軟制衡”。 結語部分總括全文,就奧巴馬政府的多邊外交政策予以評析并對其前景進行預析。奧巴馬政府的多邊外交政策僅是對小布什政府單邊主義的修正而非改革,僅是策略的變化而非戰(zhàn)略的變更。無論國際風云如何變幻,奧巴馬政府仍將一以貫之地奉行美國既定的對外戰(zhàn)略。無論奧巴馬政府的外交理念如何翻新、外交手段如何變幻、外交姿態(tài)如何調整,穩(wěn)定戰(zhàn)略、調整策略,依舊是主導美國新政府外交的邏輯藍本。
[Abstract]:As the only superpower in the world today, the foreign policy of the United States has a significant influence on the international community. As the first black president in American history, Obama's diplomatic "change" and multilateral diplomacy advocated by the United States deserve the attention of the world. In a sense, the transformation of the foreign policy of the new government of the United States is an influence on the development of Sino US relations and even the development of the Sino US relations. The Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy will benefit us more deeply. It is not only helpful to understand the foreign strategy of the United States, but also to promote the development of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The smooth development of Sino US relations is of great significance to China's multilateral diplomacy.
At present, scholars at home and abroad have studied the foreign policy of the Obama government. The research results are limited and the research methods and data selection are insufficient. In view of this, this article reviews the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The article is divided into five parts:
The first part expounds the transformation of American foreign policy after Obama's administration. This part is based on the comparison of the foreign policy of the Obama government and the foreign policy of the George W. Bush government, and explains the diplomatic "change" of the new government of the United States from three aspects, such as diplomatic ideas, diplomatic ways and diplomatic issues.
The second part analyzes the background of the Obama administration's implementation of the multilateral foreign policy. This part uses the analytic hierarchy process to explain the reasons for the Obama administration to abandon the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government and develop the multilateral diplomacy from the international system, the state and the individual, among which the background of the international system level includes a gradual and multipolar international framework. The national level of the national level includes the multilateral diplomatic experience of various American governments, the realistic predicament of the United States and the political trend of thought of the Democratic Party, and the background of the individual level mainly includes the personal growth experience, cultural background and character quality of President Obama.
The third part explains the implementation measures and characteristics of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The measures for the implementation of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration have its diversity, multiple diplomatic channels and cooperative diplomatic posture. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama government has its distinctive features, whether it is to carry out diplomatic "change" and formulate more. On the other hand, the foreign policy of the United States has the characteristics of the multilateral diplomacy of the new government of the United States, as well as the multilateral diplomacy, the connection of change and inheritance, the consistency of the purpose and the pertinence, the unity of pragmatism and flexibility, and the coordination of the ambiguity and the dual nature.
The fourth part expounds the influence of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy on Sino US relations. This part first describes the development of Sino US relations. Since the administration of the Obama administration, the relationship between China and the United States has not only a stable overall situation, a positive development side, but also a structural contradiction and many differences still on the side. Based on this, this paper proposes Under the multilateral diplomatic policy of the Obama administration, our country should deepen the Sino US relations and promote the common development. Our country should not only actively integrate the multilateral mechanism, expand multilateral diplomacy, but also be vigilant to the "hedge" of American institutional hegemony under the multilateral mechanism. It is not only necessary to cooperate with the United States in the multilateral mechanism and promote common development, but also should be rational and beneficial. To get rid of the "soft balance" of American hegemony.
The concluding part summarizes the full text of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy and analyses its prospects. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration is only the amendment to the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government, not the reform. It is only the change of strategy rather than the change of strategy. No matter how the international climate changes, the Obama government will still be one No matter how the foreign ideas of the Obama administration are refurbished, how the diplomatic means change, how the diplomatic posture is adjusted, the stability strategy and the adjustment strategy are the logical blueprints for the new government diplomacy of the United States.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2
[Abstract]:As the only superpower in the world today, the foreign policy of the United States has a significant influence on the international community. As the first black president in American history, Obama's diplomatic "change" and multilateral diplomacy advocated by the United States deserve the attention of the world. In a sense, the transformation of the foreign policy of the new government of the United States is an influence on the development of Sino US relations and even the development of the Sino US relations. The Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy will benefit us more deeply. It is not only helpful to understand the foreign strategy of the United States, but also to promote the development of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The smooth development of Sino US relations is of great significance to China's multilateral diplomacy.
At present, scholars at home and abroad have studied the foreign policy of the Obama government. The research results are limited and the research methods and data selection are insufficient. In view of this, this article reviews the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The article is divided into five parts:
The first part expounds the transformation of American foreign policy after Obama's administration. This part is based on the comparison of the foreign policy of the Obama government and the foreign policy of the George W. Bush government, and explains the diplomatic "change" of the new government of the United States from three aspects, such as diplomatic ideas, diplomatic ways and diplomatic issues.
The second part analyzes the background of the Obama administration's implementation of the multilateral foreign policy. This part uses the analytic hierarchy process to explain the reasons for the Obama administration to abandon the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government and develop the multilateral diplomacy from the international system, the state and the individual, among which the background of the international system level includes a gradual and multipolar international framework. The national level of the national level includes the multilateral diplomatic experience of various American governments, the realistic predicament of the United States and the political trend of thought of the Democratic Party, and the background of the individual level mainly includes the personal growth experience, cultural background and character quality of President Obama.
The third part explains the implementation measures and characteristics of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The measures for the implementation of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration have its diversity, multiple diplomatic channels and cooperative diplomatic posture. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama government has its distinctive features, whether it is to carry out diplomatic "change" and formulate more. On the other hand, the foreign policy of the United States has the characteristics of the multilateral diplomacy of the new government of the United States, as well as the multilateral diplomacy, the connection of change and inheritance, the consistency of the purpose and the pertinence, the unity of pragmatism and flexibility, and the coordination of the ambiguity and the dual nature.
The fourth part expounds the influence of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy on Sino US relations. This part first describes the development of Sino US relations. Since the administration of the Obama administration, the relationship between China and the United States has not only a stable overall situation, a positive development side, but also a structural contradiction and many differences still on the side. Based on this, this paper proposes Under the multilateral diplomatic policy of the Obama administration, our country should deepen the Sino US relations and promote the common development. Our country should not only actively integrate the multilateral mechanism, expand multilateral diplomacy, but also be vigilant to the "hedge" of American institutional hegemony under the multilateral mechanism. It is not only necessary to cooperate with the United States in the multilateral mechanism and promote common development, but also should be rational and beneficial. To get rid of the "soft balance" of American hegemony.
The concluding part summarizes the full text of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy and analyses its prospects. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration is only the amendment to the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government, not the reform. It is only the change of strategy rather than the change of strategy. No matter how the international climate changes, the Obama government will still be one No matter how the foreign ideas of the Obama administration are refurbished, how the diplomatic means change, how the diplomatic posture is adjusted, the stability strategy and the adjustment strategy are the logical blueprints for the new government diplomacy of the United States.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2
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