本文選題：石油外交 + 非洲國家��； 參考：《湖南師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：石油外交是指以國家為主導(dǎo),石油企業(yè)及其他行為體共同參與,為制定外交政策和采取外交手段、維護國家石油利益、實現(xiàn)石油戰(zhàn)略目標而進行的一系列外事活動。石油作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的血液,對人類經(jīng)濟生活的各個方面影響很大。石油是一國或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不可或缺的基石。非洲地區(qū)石油資源豐富,已探明石油儲量居世界第三,被稱為“第二個海灣地區(qū)”。如能利用外交手段確保從非洲獲得穩(wěn)定的石油供應(yīng),這對于我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展、國家的安全和國際地位的提高都將起到積極的促進作用。 在經(jīng)歷了奠基、起步和成熟三個發(fā)展階段后,中國在非洲的石油外交呈現(xiàn)出三個鮮明的特征：一是我國在非洲的石油外交是以良好的政治感情基礎(chǔ)為保障；二是我國對非洲的石油外交始終堅持平等、合作、互利共贏這一基本原則和精神；三是在中非石油外交中,首腦頻繁互訪。 通過五十多年的努力,中國通過首腦外交、人道主義援助以及中非石油貿(mào)易與合作三大途徑開展的對非石油外交取得了重大成果,外交經(jīng)驗也越來越豐富。在對非洲石油外交中采取的方針、政策與措施,既符合我國利益,又能促進非洲國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。 但是,中國在非洲的石油外交仍然面臨諸多困境。首先是西方大國在非洲將石油問題政治化,這導(dǎo)致中國與非洲產(chǎn)油國之間的矛盾和摩擦進一步加深；其次,我國能源事務(wù)管理會行政效率低下；再次,由于石油等能源外交對于中國來說還是一個嶄新的課題,石油外交經(jīng)驗嚴重不足。面對上述種種困難,我們要采取措施積極應(yīng)對。首先,我們要積極處理與美國等西方大國的矛盾,加強對話,建立多層次的協(xié)調(diào)機制,營造良好的對非石油外交的政治局面；其次,要加強中非政治互信,爭奪輿論話語權(quán),提高宣傳與報道的有效性,使非洲產(chǎn)油國對中國有個良好的大國形象；再次,我國要加快人事制度的改革,要成立相應(yīng)的機構(gòu)專門為石油外交服務(wù)；最后,我國還要借鑒美國等西方大國的石油外交經(jīng)驗,建立產(chǎn)油國與我國的相互依賴關(guān)系,從而獲得穩(wěn)定的石油源。
[Abstract]:Petroleum diplomacy refers to a series of foreign affairs activities that take the state as the leader and the petroleum enterprises and other actors participate together to formulate foreign policy and adopt diplomatic means to safeguard the national oil interests and achieve the strategic goal of petroleum. As the blood of modern industry, petroleum has great influence on all aspects of human economic life. Oil is an indispensable cornerstone of the economic development of a country or region. Africa is rich in oil resources and ranks third in proven oil reserves in the world, so it is called the second Gulf region. If diplomatic means can be used to ensure a stable oil supply from Africa, this will play a positive role in promoting the development of our economy, national security and the improvement of our international status. After three stages of development, such as laying the foundation, starting and maturing, China's oil diplomacy in Africa shows three distinct characteristics: first, China's oil diplomacy in Africa is guaranteed on the basis of good political feelings; Second, China's oil diplomacy to Africa has always adhered to the basic principle and spirit of equality, cooperation, and mutual benefit and win-win situation; third, in China-Africa oil diplomacy, heads of state frequently exchange visits. Through more than 50 years of efforts, China has made great achievements in its oil diplomacy to Africa through three major channels: summit diplomacy, humanitarian aid, and Sino-African oil trade and cooperation, and its diplomatic experience has become more and more abundant. The principles, policies and measures adopted in oil diplomacy to Africa are not only in the interest of our country, but also can promote the economic development of African countries. However, China's oil diplomacy in Africa still faces many difficulties. First, the Western powers politicized the oil issue in Africa, which led to further contradictions and frictions between China and the African oil-producing countries; secondly, the administrative efficiency of China's Energy Affairs Management Committee was low; and again, Because the energy diplomacy such as petroleum is a new subject for China, the experience of petroleum diplomacy is seriously deficient. In the face of these difficulties, we should take measures to deal with them actively. First, we should actively handle contradictions with the United States and other Western powers, strengthen dialogue, establish a multi-level coordination mechanism, and create a good political situation for non-oil diplomacy; secondly, we should strengthen political mutual trust between China and Africa and fight for the right of public opinion to speak. To improve the effectiveness of propaganda and reporting, so that African oil producing countries have a good image of China as a big country; thirdly, China should speed up the reform of the personnel system and set up corresponding institutions to serve exclusively for oil diplomacy; finally, We should also draw lessons from the experience of the United States and other Western countries in oil diplomacy and establish the interdependence between the oil producing countries and China so as to obtain a stable oil source.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D822.3;D84

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