發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-21 04:20

  本文選題：美巴反恐 + 奧巴馬　； 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：9·11恐怖襲擊事件之后，美國視反恐為國家安全和對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略的重心。小布什時(shí)提出了“反恐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的概念，，并在阿富汗和伊拉克先后發(fā)動(dòng)了兩場(chǎng)反恐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)剛開始時(shí)，美國在伊拉克戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)投入了大量的精力和人力。但隨著伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)的好轉(zhuǎn)，阿富汗地區(qū)的安全形勢(shì)日益緊張，美國立即調(diào)整反恐策略，將重心轉(zhuǎn)移到了阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，一時(shí)間，南亞國家在美國的反恐對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略中的地位得到了迅速的提升。再因巴基斯坦比阿富汗毗鄰的獨(dú)特地理位置，巴國想當(dāng)然的成為了美國在阿富汗戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的得力助手。美巴關(guān)系日益升溫。相比較小布什時(shí)期的美巴反恐合作，奧巴馬政府在美巴合作反恐的策略上又有了新的變化。本文主要是分析研究奧巴馬第一個(gè)任期內(nèi)，美巴兩國在反恐合作上的策略以及美巴反恐合作在這個(gè)四年內(nèi)所取得的成果，最后落腳在美巴在合作反恐中要面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及對(duì)周邊國家的影響。 奧巴馬上任后，在反恐策略上隨即改變了小布什時(shí)代的激進(jìn)態(tài)度，將其替代的是被注入了“巧實(shí)力”外交理念的新反恐策略。在阿富汗問題上，奧巴馬希望能夠順利撤軍，所以他極力希望巴基斯坦這個(gè)反恐盟友能夠以積極的姿態(tài)在阿富汗問題上有所作為。隨后，奧巴馬針對(duì)阿巴形勢(shì)高調(diào)的推出了“阿巴新戰(zhàn)略”，又將巴基斯坦的反恐地位進(jìn)一步提升。根據(jù)“阿巴新戰(zhàn)略”的內(nèi)容，今后五年內(nèi)，美國會(huì)向巴基斯坦每年提供75億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，然而，巴基斯坦接受這些援助的條件，是要看其自身的反恐力度。巴在配合美反恐斗爭(zhēng)中取得的最突出的成就就是本·拉登被擊斃。 美巴聯(lián)合反恐的盟友關(guān)系也不是一帆風(fēng)順的，兩國之間的合作也是矛盾重重，爭(zhēng)吵不斷。即使美巴兩國在反恐問題上有分歧，有各自的利益，但兩國終究還是因?yàn)樵诜纯侄窢?zhēng)上的相互需求繼續(xù)維持著合作關(guān)系。另外，關(guān)于美巴合作反恐對(duì)周邊國家產(chǎn)生的影響，阿富汗地區(qū)是首當(dāng)其沖的。尤其是，作為反恐斗爭(zhēng)的主角，美巴反恐合作中也注入了阿富汗因素。同時(shí)，中國與巴基斯坦始終保持著友好的關(guān)系，巴與美的反恐盟友關(guān)系勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)中國造成一定的影響。
[Abstract]:After the 11 th terrorist attacks, the United States saw anti-terrorism as the focus of its national security and foreign strategy. Bush put forward the concept of "war on terror" and launched two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. At the beginning of the war, the United States invested a great deal of energy and manpower in the Iraq battlefield. However, as the situation in the Iraq war improved and the security situation in Afghanistan became increasingly tense, the United States immediately adjusted its counter-terrorism strategy and shifted its focus to the Afghan battlefield for a while. The status of South Asian countries in the United States anti-terrorism foreign strategy has been rapidly promoted. And because of Pakistan's unique geographical proximity to Afghanistan, Pakistan has taken for granted the right hand-mate of the United States in Afghanistan. Us-Pakistan relations are warming up day by day. Compared with Bush's anti-terrorism cooperation, the Obama administration has changed its strategy of anti-terrorism. This paper is mainly to analyze the strategies of the United States and Pakistan in anti-terrorism cooperation during Obama's first term and the achievements achieved in the four years of the US-Pakistan anti-terrorism cooperation. Finally, in the United States and Pakistan in the fight against terrorism to face the challenges and the impact on neighboring countries. After Obama took office, he changed the radical attitude of the Bush era and replaced it with the new anti-terrorism strategy which was infused with the diplomatic concept of "smart power". On Afghanistan, Obama wants a smooth withdrawal, so he strongly wants Pakistan, the counterterrorism ally, to do something positive about Afghanistan. Subsequently, Obama's high-profile launch of the "Pakistan New Strategy", will further enhance Pakistan's anti-terrorism status. Under the terms of the new strategy, the United States will provide Pakistan with $7.5 billion a year in economic aid over the next five years. However, Pakistan's acceptance of such aid is contingent on its own efforts to combat terrorism. Pakistan's most prominent achievement in the fight against terrorism in the United States was the killing of bin Laden. The US-Pakistan alliance against terrorism has not been smooth, and cooperation between the two countries has been fraught with contradictions and squabbles. Even though the United States and Pakistan have differences and interests in the fight against terrorism, the two countries continue to maintain cooperative relations because of their mutual needs in the fight against terrorism. In addition, Afghanistan is the first to bear the brunt of anti-terrorism cooperation between the US and Pakistan on neighboring countries. In particular, as the protagonist of the fight against terrorism, the US-Pakistan anti-terrorism cooperation has also injected the Afghan factor. At the same time, China and Pakistan have always maintained friendly relations, Pakistan and the United States anti-terrorism ally relations will inevitably have a certain impact on China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D815.5

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