本文選題：結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 + 層次分析法�。� 參考：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 從國(guó)家產(chǎn)生直至冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題(主要涉及軍事和政治領(lǐng)域)一直吸引著各國(guó)政府的目光。然而,20世紀(jì)90年代特別是進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來(lái),在傳統(tǒng)安全依然突出的同時(shí),隨著“9·11”恐怖事件的爆發(fā)以及SARS等傳染性疾病的蔓延,非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅成為國(guó)際形勢(shì)的一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)。非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅不僅影響到國(guó)際安全,還涉及國(guó)內(nèi)安全和人的安全。如何應(yīng)對(duì)這些來(lái)自非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域的威脅和挑戰(zhàn),已成為各國(guó)共同關(guān)注的重大課題。這篇文章試從結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義視角出發(fā),運(yùn)用層次分析法對(duì)導(dǎo)致非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的原因從宏觀的系統(tǒng)層次、中觀的國(guó)家的層次以及微觀的個(gè)人層次進(jìn)行探討,以期能對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)安全的起因形成一個(gè)全面的了解。 本文的主要內(nèi)容有： 第一章：介紹了非傳統(tǒng)安全與層次分析法的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,旨在說(shuō)明非傳統(tǒng)安全研究的必要性和重要性。一切國(guó)家行為的終極目標(biāo)都是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家利益,而安全利益則是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家利益的前提和保障。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,國(guó)家安全利益也發(fā)生了重大變化,突出表現(xiàn)在非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題的日益凸出及其對(duì)國(guó)家安全和國(guó)際安全造成的嚴(yán)重威脅。因此,我們有必要對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)威脅的原因進(jìn)行全面分析,以更好地維護(hù)國(guó)家利益。以結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的層次分析法為工具,從系統(tǒng)層次、國(guó)家層次和個(gè)人層次三個(gè)方面對(duì)導(dǎo)致非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展并日益引起人們關(guān)注的原因進(jìn)行探討和研究可以讓我們對(duì)這一問(wèn)題形成比較全面、系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)。 第二章：試圖從系統(tǒng)層次角度探討非傳統(tǒng)安全的起因�？夏崴肌の譅柶潓⑵湎到y(tǒng)層次的“結(jié)構(gòu)”理論分為排列原則、單元的功能與單元間的能力分配三個(gè)方面,與非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題相結(jié)合,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)際社會(huì)的無(wú)政府狀態(tài)、冷戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際格局的變化和各國(guó)戰(zhàn)略重心的轉(zhuǎn)移以及全球化趨勢(shì)都是導(dǎo)致非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生和擴(kuò)大的系統(tǒng)層次原因。這種分析方法可以讓我們從宏觀上對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)的現(xiàn)狀及非傳統(tǒng)安全產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的背景形成一個(gè)客觀認(rèn)識(shí)。 第三章：試圖從國(guó)家層次的角度分析非傳統(tǒng)安全的起因。國(guó)家層次理論包含兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,即單元的“屬性”和互動(dòng)的“過(guò)程”。很多非傳統(tǒng)問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生始于國(guó)家內(nèi)部,因此,從單元的“屬性”即國(guó)家的政治制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度以及文化傳統(tǒng)等方面進(jìn)行分析,可以找尋到它們產(chǎn)生的直接根源。另外,隨著非國(guó)家行為體的不斷增多及其在國(guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮越來(lái)越重要的作用,國(guó)際社會(huì)的互動(dòng)已不單純局限于主權(quán)國(guó)家之間,政府間組織、非政府間組織甚至跨國(guó)公司在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)中的地位逐漸提高,它們成為非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的巨大推動(dòng)力。國(guó)家層次的探討可以令我們更直接、更深入地了解非傳統(tǒng)安全的起因,也有助于我們制定更具針對(duì)性和操作性的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。 第四章：試圖從個(gè)人層次的角度闡述非傳統(tǒng)安全的起因。在國(guó)際社會(huì)中,很多情況下,個(gè)人因素處于被忽略的境地。然而,從歷史進(jìn)程中我們可以看到個(gè)人因素對(duì)于國(guó)家制度的形成、國(guó)家對(duì)外政策的制定甚至國(guó)際規(guī)范的確立都具有重要的影響。在非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域也是如此,很多非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生和解決都是與那些具有一定社會(huì)地位、能力、資格和條件的個(gè)人分不開(kāi)的。這一層次的分析可以提高我們對(duì)“人”的價(jià)值和作用的認(rèn)識(shí),以及對(duì)人的權(quán)利、尊嚴(yán)和人的安全的關(guān)注程度。 第五章：關(guān)于非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題研究的幾點(diǎn)思考。層次分析法中的系統(tǒng)層次、國(guó)家層次和個(gè)人層是辯證統(tǒng)一的有機(jī)整體,對(duì)于非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題而言,將這三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行綜合考察能夠使我們對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)安全的起因形成一個(gè)全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。針對(duì)上述原因分析,這篇文章試圖從全球?qū)哟?國(guó)家層次和個(gè)人層次三個(gè)方面提出應(yīng)對(duì)和解決非傳統(tǒng)威脅的措施。由于非傳統(tǒng)安全研究仍是學(xué)術(shù)界一個(gè)方興未艾的課題,因此還存在很多有待繼續(xù)探究的問(wèn)題,如,從系統(tǒng)層次上對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)安全的認(rèn)識(shí)和界定問(wèn)題以及非傳統(tǒng)安全的針對(duì)性和可操作性問(wèn)題等。
[Abstract]:From the state to the end of the cold war, traditional security issues (mainly involving military and political fields) have attracted the attention of governments. However, in 1990s, especially since the new century, the traditional security remained prominent, with the outbreak of "9. 11" terrorism and the spread of infectious diseases such as SARS. The threat of unified security has become a prominent feature of the international situation. Non-traditional security threats not only affect international security, but also involve domestic security and human security. How to deal with these threats and challenges from non-traditional security areas has become a major issue of common concern for all countries. This article tries to start from the perspective of structural realism, Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the reasons for the emergence and development of non-traditional security problems are discussed from the macro system level, the meso level national level and the micro individual level, in order to form a comprehensive understanding of the causes of non-traditional security.
The main contents of this article are as follows:
The first chapter introduces the relevant contents of non traditional security and analytic hierarchy process, which aims to explain the necessity and importance of non-traditional security research. The ultimate goal of all state behavior is to realize national interests, and the security interest is the prerequisite and guarantee for the realization of national interests. After the end of the cold war, the national security interests have also been heavy. Major changes are highlighted by the increasing prominence of non-traditional security problems and their serious threats to national security and international security. Therefore, it is necessary for us to make a comprehensive analysis of the causes of non-traditional threats in order to better safeguard national interests. In three aspects of the individual level, the discussion and Research on the causes of non-traditional security problems, the development and the increasing arousing people's attention can make us more comprehensive and systematic understanding of this problem.
The second chapter tries to explore the cause of non-traditional security from a systematic perspective. Kenneth Waltz divides the "structure" theory of its system level into arrangement principles, the function of the unit and the allocation of capacity between units, and the combination of non traditional security problems. We can find the anarchy state of the international community, the post Cold War countries. The changes in the intertemporal pattern, the shift of the strategic focus of countries and the trend of globalization are the systematic reasons for the emergence and expansion of the problems of non-traditional security. This method can give us an objective understanding of the current situation of the international community and the background of the development and development of the non-traditional security.
The third chapter tries to analyze the cause of non-traditional security from the national level. The state level theory contains two contents, namely, the "attribute" of the unit and the "process" of interaction. Many non-traditional problems are produced in the country. Therefore, the "attributes" of the unit are the political system, the economic system and the cultural tradition of the state. In addition, with the increasing number of non state actors and their playing a more and more important role in international affairs, the interaction of the international community is not limited to sovereign states, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and even transnational corporations on the international stage. Their status is increasing, and they have become a great driving force for the generation and development of non-traditional security problems. The discussion of national levels can make us more direct, more in-depth understanding of the causes of non-traditional security and help us to formulate more targeted and operational responses.
The fourth chapter tries to explain the cause of non-traditional security from a personal level. In the international community, in many cases, the individual factors are neglected. However, from the historical process, we can see that the individual factors are important to the formation of the national system, the formulation of the national foreign policy and even the establishment of international norms. The same is true in the field of non-traditional security. Many non-traditional security problems are created and solved by individuals with certain social status, abilities, qualifications and conditions. This level of analysis can improve our understanding of the value and role of "human", as well as human rights, dignity and human security. The degree of concern.
The fifth chapter: some thinking about the research on the non traditional security problem. The system level in the analytic hierarchy process, the state level and the individual layer are the dialectical and unified organic whole. For the non traditional security problems, the comprehensive investigation of these three aspects can make us have a comprehensive understanding of the cause of the non-traditional security. Analysis of the reasons, this article attempts to propose measures to deal with and solve non traditional threats from three aspects of the global level, the national level and the individual level. Because of the non traditional security research is still an open issue in the academic circle, there are still many problems to be explored, for example, the non traditional security from the system level. Recognizing and defining problems and the pertinence and maneuverability of non-traditional security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D815

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