本文選題：美國 + 東亞��； 參考：《吉林大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來,鑒于東亞地緣戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境的延續(xù)與變遷,美國確立起其在東亞的三重戰(zhàn)略利益。美國認為,它在東亞的底線利益面臨著兩大戰(zhàn)略挑戰(zhàn)。美國必須運用其手中的三大戰(zhàn)略支柱對上述挑戰(zhàn)進行戰(zhàn)略應對。由此可見,冷戰(zhàn)后美國東亞戰(zhàn)略即是以“底線-挑戰(zhàn)-應策”為線索來展開的。 冷戰(zhàn)后東亞地緣戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境呈現(xiàn)出延續(xù)性與變遷性相交織的特點。這為冷戰(zhàn)后美國東亞戰(zhàn)略的制定與運作提供了舞臺。由于東亞的地理位置及其戰(zhàn)略意義、東亞-太平洋的崛起,東亞之于美國的戰(zhàn)略重要性開始了由“重歐輕亞”向“歐亞并重”的過渡,由此顯現(xiàn)出冷戰(zhàn)后東亞地緣政治格局的延續(xù)性與態(tài)勢的變異性。在延續(xù)性方面,東亞依舊分離并處于冷和狀態(tài)、歷史并未在此終結(jié);在變異性方面,美國成為“天下莫與之強”的全球超級大國、中美蘇“戰(zhàn)略大三角”不復存在、諸多潛在的地區(qū)沖突熱點開始凸顯。 面對如此時局,美國確立起其在東亞的三重戰(zhàn)略利益:生死攸關的利益、重大利益以及次要利益。冷戰(zhàn)后美國在東亞生死攸關的利益主要有三種:確保美國、東亞盟國以及東亞海上通道的安全,防范東亞潛在戰(zhàn)略對手的崛起以及防止大規(guī)模殺傷性武器及其運載工具在東亞的擴散與使用,這三種生死攸關的利益即是冷戰(zhàn)后美國東亞戰(zhàn)略不可觸碰的底線;重要利益也有三種:維護“美國治下”的東亞和平、擴展美國在東亞的經(jīng)貿(mào)利益以及推廣“美國式”的自由民主;次要利益亦是三種:打擊跨國犯罪、切斷毒品交易以及制止非法移民。 根據(jù)上述戰(zhàn)略利益,美國認為,在由東亞新興力量和不穩(wěn)定力量引發(fā)的一系列潛在威脅和嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)中,最嚴重的是來自兩個方面的戰(zhàn)略挑戰(zhàn):一是中國崛起,二系朝鮮問題。這兩方面挑戰(zhàn)許多年來一直為冷戰(zhàn)的鐵幕所遮掩著。冷戰(zhàn)一告結(jié)束,它們就相繼浮出水面,日益挑戰(zhàn)著美國在東亞生死攸關的利益。不難看出,中國崛起涉及到防范東亞潛在戰(zhàn)略對手的崛起的利益,而朝鮮問題則關涉到防止大規(guī)模殺傷性武器及其運載工具在東亞的擴散與使用的利益。因此,美國認為,美國必須針對上述兩大戰(zhàn)略挑戰(zhàn)進行積極地戰(zhàn)略應對。如果對這兩大挑戰(zhàn)不予重視甚或無視它們,將會使自己處于危險之中。美國對這兩大挑戰(zhàn)進行戰(zhàn)略應對成為其東亞戰(zhàn)略的重中之重。針對中國崛起這一挑戰(zhàn),美國確立起“中國挑戰(zhàn)論”的對華戰(zhàn)略認知,在對華戰(zhàn)略應對上,美國游走于戰(zhàn)略遏制與戰(zhàn)略接觸之間,但對華實施預防性防御、和平演變與島鏈封鎖,仍貫穿了冷戰(zhàn)后美國對華戰(zhàn)略的始終。針對朝鮮問題這一挑戰(zhàn),美國確立起“朝鮮威脅論”的對朝戰(zhàn)略認知,在對朝戰(zhàn)略應對上,美國游走于戰(zhàn)略威懾與戰(zhàn)略對話之間,但兩手政策、促使朝鮮重新變天,分而治之、維持半島的分裂狀態(tài),優(yōu)勢主導、避免它國主導半島事務,仍貫穿了冷戰(zhàn)后美國對朝戰(zhàn)略的始終。 在對上述兩大戰(zhàn)略挑戰(zhàn)進行戰(zhàn)略應對的過程中,美國手中握有三大戰(zhàn)略支柱可資運用。超強國力構(gòu)成美國獨步天下的力量基礎:硬實力穩(wěn)步增長、軟實力逐漸凸顯、東亞存在的加強。雙邊同盟成為美國無可估價的冷戰(zhàn)遺產(chǎn):日益鞏固的美日同盟、不斷強化的美韓同盟、逐步拓展的美澳同盟。美國通過多邊制度來構(gòu)建地區(qū)安全的多維之網(wǎng):推動雙邊同盟的多邊化、構(gòu)建地區(qū)多邊安全機制、參與“第二軌道論壇”。美國希望借此加大參與亞太事務的力度,最大限度地利用冷戰(zhàn)時期遺留下來的現(xiàn)有安全結(jié)構(gòu),竭力影響該地區(qū)局勢的演變,試圖塑造出美國主導的地區(qū)新秩序。 由上可見,以均勢求霸權(quán)成為冷戰(zhàn)后美國東亞戰(zhàn)略的實質(zhì)。美國將自身戰(zhàn)略定位為“離岸平衡手”,試圖通過制衡地區(qū)霸權(quán)挑戰(zhàn)國、控制地區(qū)內(nèi)結(jié)盟大國來實現(xiàn)護持東亞霸權(quán)的戰(zhàn)略目標。美國這一東亞新均勢戰(zhàn)略是霸權(quán)國的“分而治之”和盟國的“跟著強者走”的結(jié)合使然。 那么,究竟何為冷戰(zhàn)后美國東亞戰(zhàn)略的地緣政治根源呢?答案便是打造堅不可摧的“美國堡壘”、從“擔心被包圍”到“進行反包圍”、“海權(quán)對抗陸權(quán)”傳統(tǒng)的當代演繹。展望冷戰(zhàn)后美國東亞戰(zhàn)略的未來走向,我們可以察知,美國對東北亞的重視依然、對東南亞的介入加深、對華戰(zhàn)略趨向隱蔽化:軟性遏制、柔性接觸、隱性融合。對此,中國的戰(zhàn)略選擇應是:“致人而不致于人”、“不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵”、“因利而制權(quán)”。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the cold war , the United States has established its triple strategic interests in East Asia in view of the continuation and evolution of the strategic environment in East Asia . The United States believes that its bottom line interests in East Asia face two strategic challenges . The United States must apply its three strategic pillars to strategic response to the above challenges .


The strategic environment of East Asia after the cold war presents the characteristics of continuity and transitional nature . It provides the stage for the formulation and operation of East Asia strategy after the cold war . As the geographical position of East Asia and its strategic significance , the strategic importance of East Asia - Pacific has begun to transition from " heavy Euro light Asia " to " Eurasia " .


In the face of such a situation , the United States has established its triple strategic interests in East Asia : vital interests , vital interests and secondary interests . The United States has three main interests in East Asia after the cold war : to ensure the security of the United States , the East Asian allies and the East Asian maritime corridor , to guard against the rise of potential strategic rivals in East Asia and to prevent the proliferation and use of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery in East Asia .


According to the strategic interests mentioned above , the United States believes that in a range of potential threats and serious challenges arising from the emerging forces and instability of East Asia , the most serious is the strategic challenge of the two sides : one is China ' s rise , and the second is the North Korea issue . The United States , in response to the challenge of China ' s rise in strategic response , has made a strategic response to the two major strategic challenges . In response to the challenge of China ' s rise , the United States has established a strategy to prevent the proliferation and use of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery in East Asia .


In the process of strategic response to the above - mentioned two strategic challenges , the United States has three strategic pillars that can be used . The ultra - strong national strength forms the power base of the United States : the hard power has steadily increased , and the soft power gradually highlights the strengthening of the East Asia . The United States has made the multi - dimensional network of regional security through multilateral system . The United States hopes to increase its participation in the Asia - Pacific affairs and maximize the existing security structure left over in the cold war period and try to influence the evolution of the situation in the region and try to figure out the new order in the United States - dominated region .


From the point of view , it is the essence of the American East Asia strategy in the post - cold war . The United States will position its own strategy as an " off - shore balance hand " and try to achieve the strategic goal of protecting the hegemony of East Asia by balancing the country ' s hegemony and challenging the country . The new balance strategy in East Asia is the combination of the " divide - by - rule " of the Hegemonic Power and the " follow - up " of the allies .


So what is the geopolitical origins of the East Asian strategy after the Cold War ? The answer is to build an indestructible " United States fortress " , from " fear of being surrounded " to " carrying out anti - siege " , " sea power confrontation land rights " traditional contemporary deduction . Looking forward to the future trend of the United States East Asia strategy after the cold war , we can see that the United States attaches great importance to North - East Asia . It is characterized by soft containment , flexible contact and recessive fusion .
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D871.2

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 歐陽麗;信息化時代國際政治霸權(quán)問題研究[D];吉林大學;2011年

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 葉森;冷戰(zhàn)后美國的東亞戰(zhàn)略研究[D];中國海洋大學;2012年

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本文編號：2002839