本文選題：冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期 + 澳蘇關(guān)系��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)使澳大利亞對(duì)以往英國(guó)主導(dǎo)下的國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)生困惑,日本法西斯侵略者染指澳大利亞領(lǐng)土,使其積極向美國(guó)靠攏來抵制日本侵略,同時(shí)開始尋求與蘇聯(lián)建立并發(fā)展互利的外交關(guān)系,二戰(zhàn)后的一段時(shí)間里,澳蘇之間這種關(guān)系依然延續(xù)。隨著冷戰(zhàn)的到來,美蘇對(duì)抗加劇,澳大利亞不得不開始轉(zhuǎn)變策略并作出選邊站隊(duì)的抉擇,這一時(shí)期澳大利亞實(shí)現(xiàn)了由"母國(guó)體系""向"兄弟體系"的轉(zhuǎn)變。1949年孟席斯上臺(tái)以后,積極推進(jìn)與美國(guó)的關(guān)系,尋求美國(guó)保護(hù)下的國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略,建立了澳美軍事同盟,并對(duì)美國(guó)推行的反蘇限共政策一路追隨,積極參與了朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。為了達(dá)到反蘇限共的目的,孟席斯在國(guó)內(nèi)制造民眾對(duì)共產(chǎn)主義的恐懼,打擊國(guó)內(nèi)共產(chǎn)黨,并推動(dòng)制造了"彼得羅夫事件",使澳蘇外交關(guān)系中斷,兩國(guó)關(guān)系進(jìn)入歷史最低谷。1972年惠特拉姆上臺(tái)以后,澳大利亞從越南撤軍并對(duì)越戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行反思,外交政策逐漸務(wù)實(shí)化,尋求相對(duì)獨(dú)立自主的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略,并試圖恢復(fù)澳蘇關(guān)系,惠特拉姆在其任職期間訪問蘇聯(lián)并簽訂了一系列的合作協(xié)議,這使兩國(guó)關(guān)系進(jìn)入蜜月期。1979年蘇聯(lián)入侵阿富汗,澳大利亞選擇在政治上反蘇挺美、經(jīng)濟(jì)上制裁蘇聯(lián)、文化上中斷交流,兩國(guó)關(guān)系再次陷入低谷,但這一時(shí)期澳大利亞更具有策略性,偏向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義考量�；艨苏畷r(shí)期,由于國(guó)際形勢(shì)的變化,澳大利亞積極調(diào)整對(duì)蘇戰(zhàn)略,兩國(guó)關(guān)系得到較大發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The second World War made Australia perplexed by the past British-led national security strategy, and the Japanese fascist invaders invaded Australian territory, making it actively move closer to the United States to resist the Japanese aggression. It also sought to establish and develop mutually beneficial diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, which continued for some time after World War II. With the advent of the Cold War and the intensification of the US-Soviet confrontation, Australia had to begin to change its strategy and make the choice of standing in the side. In this period, Australia realized the transition from "home country system" to "fraternal system." after Mencius came to power in 1949, He actively promoted the relations with the United States, sought the national security strategy under the protection of the United States, established a military alliance between Australia and the United States, and actively participated in the Korean War and the Vietnam War by following the anti-Soviet policy carried out by the United States. In order to achieve the goal of opposing the Soviet Communist Party, Mencius created people's fear of communism in the country, attacked the Communist Party of China, and promoted the "Petrov incident", thus disrupting diplomatic relations between Australia and the Soviet Union. Relations between the two countries have entered the lowest point in history. After Whitlam came to power in 1972, Australia withdrew from Vietnam and reflected on the Vietnam War. Its foreign policy gradually became pragmatic, sought a relatively independent foreign strategy, and tried to restore Australia-Soviet relations. During his tenure, Whitlam visited the Soviet Union and signed a series of cooperation agreements, which led to the honeymoon period between the two countries. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, and Australia chose to oppose the Soviet Union politically and sanction the Soviet Union economically. With the cultural interruption, the relationship between the two countries fell into a trough again, but during this period Australia was more strategic and more realistic. During the Hawk government, Australia actively adjusted its strategy to the Soviet Union due to the changes in the international situation, and the relations between the two countries developed greatly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D861.1;D851.2

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本文編號(hào)：2000665